Oceanography
THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
VOL.31, NO.2, JUNE 2018
Special Issue on
Ocean Warming
VOL. 31, NO. 2, June 2018
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Oceanography | June 2018
contents
VOL. 31, NO. 2, June 2018
28
FROM THE GUEST EDITORS. Introduction to the Special Issue on
Ocean Warming
By P.J. Durack, A. Sen Gupta, and L.H. Smedsrud
32
The Ocean’s Role in Climate
By R.W. Schmitt
41
Ocean Warming: From the Surface to the Deep in Observations and Models
By P.J. Durack, P.J. Gleckler, S.G. Purkey, G.C. Johnson, J.M. Lyman, and T.P. Boyer
52
Southern Ocean Warming
By J.-B. Sallée
63
Chaotic Variability of Ocean Heat Content: Climate-Relevant Features
and Observational Implications
By T. Penduff, G. Sérazin, S. Leroux, S. Close, J.-M. Molines, B. Barnier, L. Bessières,
L. Terray, and G. Maze
72
An Ocean View of the Global Surface Warming Hiatus
By W. Liu and S.-P. Xie
80
Variability in Makassar Strait Heat Flux and Its Effect on the Eastern
Tropical Indian Ocean
By L.K. Gruenburg and A.L. Gordon
88
Simulation and Analysis of Hurricane-Driven Extreme Wave Climate
Under Two Ocean Warming Scenarios
By B. Timmermans, C. Patricola, and M. Wehner
100 Ocean-Ice Interactions in Inglefield Gulf: Early Results from NASA’s
Oceans Melting Greenland Mission
By J.K. Willis, D. Carroll, I. Fenty, G. Kohli, A. Khazendar, M. Rutherford, N. Trenholm,
and M. Morlighem
109 Projections of Future Sea Level Contributions from the Greenland and
Antarctic Ice Sheets: Challenges Beyond Dynamical Ice Sheet Modeling
By S. Nowicki and H. Seroussi
118
Increased Arctic Precipitation Slows Down Sea Ice Melt and Surface Warming
By R. Bintanja, C.A. Katsman, and F.M. Selten
126 Ocean Warming and the Reefs of Palau
By P.L. Colin
136 Trends in Benthic Macrofaunal Populations, Seasonal Sea Ice Persistence,
and Bottom Water Temperatures in the Bering Strait Region
By J.M. Grebmeier, K.E. Frey, L.W. Cooper, and M. Kędra
SPECIAL ISSUE ON Ocean Warming
100
88
TW
MW
IW
CDW
BW
WATER MASSES
TW: Subtropical Waters
MW: Mode Waters
IW: Intermediate Waters
CDW: Circumpolar Deep Waters
BW: Bottom Waters
No warming or cooling
1–6
Processes at play; see caption
Warming
~0.05°C per Decade
~0.2°C per Decade
1,000 m
4,000 m
52
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Year
–2.5
0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
Annual Heat Content Anomaly (1022 J)
41
Oceanography | June 2018
Oceanography | Vol.31, No.2
CONTACT US
The Oceanography Society
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Rockville, MD 20850 USA
t: (1) 301-251-7708
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CORRECTIONS
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Corrections will be printed in the next issue
of Oceanography.
ON THE COVER
The cover photo was taken in August 2015
north of Svalbard in the Arctic. Sailing
through sea ice is the now retired Norwegian
Polar Institute research vessel Lance. The
expedition was part of a
2015 polar bear survey
during which polar bear
numbers were estimated in
the Svalbard et Barents Sea
regions. Taken from a heli-
copter, the photo shows
late summer sea ice that
is thin, fractured into small
floes, and covered with
melt ponds. An iceberg is
in the foreground. Photo
credit: © Nick Cobbing
182
194
Special Issue on
Ocean Warming
Oceanography
THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
VOL.31, NO.2, JUNE 2018
152 Evidence for Adaptation from the 2016 Marine Heatwave in the
Northwest Atlantic Ocean
By A.J. Pershing, K.E. Mills, A.M. Dayton, B.S. Franklin, and B.T. Kennedy
162 Categorizing and Naming Marine Heatwaves
By A.J. Hobday, E.C.J. Oliver, A. Sen Gupta, J.A. Benthuysen, M.T. Burrows, M.G. Donat,
N.J. Holbrook, P.J. Moore, M.S. Thomsen, T. Wernberg, and D.A. Smale
174 Impacts of Ocean Warming on Acoustic Propagation Over Continental
Shelf and Slope Regions
By J.F. Lynch, G.G. Gawarkiewicz, Y.-T. Lin, T.F. Duda, and A.E. Newhall
REGULAR ISSUE FEATURES
182 Marine Host-Pathogen Dynamics: Influences of Global Climate Change
By R.E. Cohen, C.C. James, A. Lee, M.M. Martinelli, W.T. Muraoka, M. Ortega,
R. Sadowski, L. Starkey, A.R. Szesciorka, S.E. Timko, E.L. Weiss, and P.J.S. Franks
194 Slow Volcanoes: The Intriguing Similarities Between Marine Asphalt
and Basalt Lavas
By Y. Marcon, H. Sahling, I.R. MacDonald, P. Wintersteller, C. dos Santos Ferreira,
and G. Bohrmann
DEPARTMENTS
05
QUARTERDECK. A Really Tough Problem for Scientists to Solve
By E.S. Kappel
07
FROM THE PRESIDENT. 30 Years of TOS and the Wisdom of Our Founders
By A.C. Mix
08
PERSPECTIVES. Advice for Young Scientists on Fruitful Membership in the
Scientific Community
By E. Boss
SPECIAL ISSUE SPONSORS
Production of this issue of Oceanography
was supported by:
• NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
SPACE ADMINISTRATION
• US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
• NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
• US ARCTIC RESEARCH COMMISSION
ABOUT THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON Ocean Warming
SPECIAL ISSUE GUEST EDITORS
• PAUL J. DURACK
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• ALEX SEN GUPTA
University of New South Wales Sydney
• LARS H. SMEDSRUD
University of Bergen
Oceanography | Vol.31, No.2
Oceanography | June 2018
EDITOR
Ellen S. Kappel
Geosciences Professional Services Inc.
5610 Gloster Road
Bethesda, MD 20816 USA
t: (1) 301-229-2709
ekappel@geo-prose.com
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Vicky Cullen
PO Box 687
West Falmouth, MA 02574 USA
t: (1) 508-548-1027
vcullen@whoi.edu
CONTRIBUTING WRITER
Cheryl Lyn Dybas
cheryl.lyn.dybas@gmail.com
DESIGN/PRODUCTION
Johanna Adams
johanna-adams@cox.net
Oceanography
https://tos.org/oceanography
Oceanography contains peer-reviewed articles that chronicle all aspects of
ocean science and its applications. The journal presents significant research,
noteworthy achievements, exciting new technology, and articles that address
public policy and education and how they are affected by science and technol-
ogy. The overall goal of Oceanography is cross-disciplinary communication in
the ocean sciences.
Oceanography (ISSN 1042-8275) is published by The Oceanography
Society, 1 Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. ©2018 The
Oceanography Society Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted for indi-
viduals to copy articles from this magazine for personal use in teaching and
research, and to use figures, tables, and short quotes from the magazine for
republication in scientific books and journals. There is no charge for any of
these uses, but the material must be cited appropriately.
Republication, systemic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any mate-
rial in Oceanography is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography
Society. Please contact Jennifer Ramarui at info@tos.org.
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Claudia Benitez-Nelson
University of South Carolina
cbnelson@geol.sc.edu
Ian Brosnan
NASA Ames Research Center
ian.g.brosnan@nasa.gov
Grace Chang
Integral Consulting Inc.
gchang@integral-corp.com
Margaret L. (Peggy) Delaney
University of California, Santa Cruz
delaney@ucsc.edu
Philip N. Froelich
Duke University
froelich@magnet.fsu.edu
Charles H. Greene
Cornell University
chg2@cornell.edu
William Smyth
Oregon State University
smyth@coas.oregonstate.edu
Kiyoshi Suyehiro
Yokohama Institute for Earth
Sciences, JAMSTEC
suyehiro@jamstec.go.jp
Peter Wadhams
University of Cambridge
p.wadhams@damtp.cam.ac.uk
The Oceanography Society was founded in 1988
to advance oceanographic research, technology,
and education, and to disseminate knowledge of
oceanography and its application through research
and education. TOS promotes the broad under-
standing of oceanography, facilitates consensus
building across all the disciplines of the field, and
informs the public about ocean research, innova-
tive technology, and educational opportunities
throughout the spectrum of oceanographic inquiry.
OFFICERS
PRESIDENT: Alan Mix
PRESIDENT-ELECT: Martin Visbeck
PAST-PRESIDENT: Susan Lozier
SECRETARY: Susan Cook
TREASURER: Susan Banahan
COUNCILLORS
AT-LARGE: Dennis McGillicuddy
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY: James Girton
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Charles H. Greene
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Peter Sedwick
EDUCATION: Carolyn Scheurle
GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS: Richard Murray
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Magdalena Andres
STUDENT REPRESENTATIVE: Stefanie Mack
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Jennifer Ramarui
CORPORATE AND INSTITUTIONAL
MEMBERS
BAKER DONELSON
» https://www.bakerdonelson.com
INTEGRAL CONSULTING INC.
» https://www.integral-corp.com/
SCIENCE MEDIA
» http://sciencemedia.nl/
SEA-BIRD SCIENTIFIC
» https://sea-birdscientific.com
TELEDYNE RD INSTRUMENTS
» http://www.teledynemarine.com/rdi
CONTACT INFO
The Oceanography Society
1 Research Court, Suite 450
Rockville, MD 20850 USA
t: (1) 301-251-7708
f: (1) 301-251-7709
email: info@tos.org
https://tos.org
tos.org
Oceanography | June 2018
Oceanography | Vol.31, No.2
Host Sponsors
Proud Partners
Gold Sponsors
Contact us
Conference Secretariat: info@icp13.com.au | Phone: 02 9254 5000
www.icp13.com.au
13th International Conference on
Paleoceanography
The Conference will be hosted at
The University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Key Dates
Call for Abstracts Open
1 September 2018
Early Bird Registration Close
28 February 2019
Standard Registration Open
1 March 2019
Call for Abstracts Close
20 April 2019
10
PERSPECTIVES. Unanticipated Benefit of an Outreach Program
By J.A. Yoder
11
PERSPECTIVES. Science Outreach Using Social Media: Oceanography
from the Lab to the Public
By A. Meyer, A.K. Pavlov, A. Rösel, J. Negrel, P. Itkin, L. Cohen, J. King, S. Gerland,
S.R. Hudson, L. de Steur, P.A. Dodd, L. Crews, M. Bratrein, M.A. Granskog,
and N. Cobbing
16
RIP CURRENT – NEWS IN OCEANOGRAPHY. Effect on Ocean Noise:
Nyepi, a Balinese Day of Silence
By R. Williams, C. Erbe, I.M.I. Dewantama, and I.G. Hendrawanx
19
OCEAN POLICY. Marine Species Range Shifts Necessitate Advanced Policy
Planning: The Case of the North Atlantic Right Whale
By E.L. Meyer-Gutbrod, C.H. Greene, and K.T.A. Davies
24
RIPPLE MARKS. Stirrings in the Muck: Fiddler Crabs Emerge from Burrows
Earlier in Spring—Crab-Specialist Herons Migrate in Sync
By C.L. Dybas
206 ROGER REVELLE COMMEMORATIVE LECTURE. Distress Signals: Historical
Waypoints in Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Since 1850
By W.J. Bolster
218 CAREER PROFILES. Katie Matthews, Deputy Chief Scientist, Oceana •
Jeff Standish, Manager, Corporate Sustainability, Institute on the
Environment, University of Minnesota
19
11
Oceanography | June 2018
Host Sponsors
Proud Partners
Gold Sponsors
Contact us
Conference Secretariat: info@icp13.com.au | Phone: 02 9254 5000
www.icp13.com.au
13th International Conference on
Paleoceanography
The Conference will be hosted at
The University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Key Dates
Call for Abstracts Open
1 September 2018
Early Bird Registration Close
28 February 2019
Standard Registration Open
1 March 2019
Call for Abstracts Close
20 April 2019
QUARTERDECK
A Really Tough Problem
for Scientists to Solve
Good scientists have many positive attributes that should be attractive to scien-
tists and non-scientists alike—curiosity, patience, long-term views, and opti-
mism about solving problems. From our perspective, it seems perplexing that
we sometimes have difficulty connecting with the public. But today, perhaps
the scientist’s personality type is precisely what leaves us disconnected from
people who simply do not share our worldview or who listen to leaders who
find it expedient to ignore what science can contribute to our society. How
do we connect with a population that simply lacks curiosity about the natural
world or the role humans have played in modifying it? How do we articulate
that working backward from conclusions to facts doesn’t solve problems? How
do we frame a response if they want answers now, or next week, not in two or
even ten years when we scientists may determine that we have enough data
to address a question satisfactorily (and will know, even then, that with more
data, the answer may change)? What do we tell this segment of the public who
doesn’t perceive there is even a problem to solve? What if they can agree that
there is a problem but figure it is too big to solve or simply think it is impos-
sible to solve, certainly not in their lifetimes, so why bother doing anything?
Our community needs to be clear-eyed about the fact that while our pub-
lic outreach programs have some impact in educating the public, we are most
likely only reaching the self-selected population who want to participate in
such events and are already at least somewhat excited by science. And we need
to do more than hope, pray, protest, and/or vote to be governed by execu-
tive branch officials and legislators who respect scientists and scientific find-
ings and whose words and actions demonstrate that attitude. In short, we
need to take matters into our own hands and craft compelling words and
images to connect with people who currently don’t see science as an instru-
ment that can measurably improve their lives and help solve some seemingly
intractable global problems.
Fortunately, we’re scientists. We’re patient and optimistic. If we can solve
difficult scientific and technical challenges, we can solve this communications
problem, too. But we need smart, creative ideas from all corners of our com-
munity. Please send them to me at ekappel@geo-prose.com.
Ellen S. Kappel, Editor
September 2018
Mathematical Aspects of Physical
Oceanography
December 2018
Gulf of San Jorge, Patagonia,
Argentina
March 2019
Scientific Ocean Drilling:
Looking to the Future
June 2019
Salinity Processes in the Upper
ocean Regional Study (SPURS) – 2
September 2019
Partnership for Interdisciplinary
Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO)
December 2019
Flow Encountering Abrupt
Topography (FLEAT)
https://tos.org/oceanography
Do you have an idea for a special
issue of Oceanography? Please send
your suggestions to Editor Ellen Kappel
at ekappel@geo-prose.com.
Oceanography
SPECIAL ISSUES
UPCOMING
CALL FOR IDEAS!
Oceanography | Vol.31, No.2
Oceanography
Student News
https://tos.org/opportunities
Have you read the latest issue of
Oceanography Student News? Each news-
letter includes a regular column by the
student representative to the TOS Council,
profiles of TOS student members, infor-
mation about student activities related
to TOS-sponsored meetings, and links to
relevant student resources and articles in
Oceanography magazine. Feel free to for-
ward the links to the newsletters to other
students, or print out a copy and post it
on your department bulletin board. Any
questions? Email TOS Student Rep Stefanie
Mack at studentrep@tos.org.
Check Out Our Career Profiles Page!
https://tos.org/career-profiles
Do you have suggestions
on who to profile?
Please send their contact information
to ekappel@geo-prose.com.
Self-nominations are accepted.
In each issue, Oceanography magazine publishes
“career profiles” of marine scientists who have pur-
sued successful and fulfilling careers outside of aca-
demia. These profiles are intended to advise ocean
sciences graduate students about career
options other than teaching and/
or research in a university
setting. They also include
wisdom on how to go
about the job search.
We have over
50 profiles of ocean
scientists on our
web page.
Check them out!
Help TOS Fulfill Its Mission!
Recognizing excellence, disseminating knowledge,
promoting communication
The Oceanography Society welcomes financial contributions of any size to help
support the Society’s mission of disseminating knowledge of oceanography
and its application through research and education, promoting communication
among oceanographers, and providing a constituency for consensus-building
across all the disciplines of the field. Contributions are welcome in one or more of
the following areas:
• COSTARS: Career Opportunity/Student Travel and Research Support –
Supporting travel for graduate students to conferences and other institutions
and organizations
• Student Fund – Supporting programs such as the TOS Mentoring Program
• Early Career Fund – Supporting participation in career-enhancing activities
• TOS General Fund – Used for greatest needs, as recommended by the
TOS Council
To contribute go to https://tos.networkforgood.com
tos.org
Seen In Oceanography
MARINE MICROALGAE
Climate, Energy, and Food Security
from the Sea
By Charles H. Greene and others
» https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.91
From the Rep
Over the past month, I’ve
started thinking a lot about
my future career. I’m still in
academia (as a postdoc), but I wonder if I
can stay, if I want to stay, and if it’s finan-
cially feasible. Maybe you are pondering
this dilemma as well, or maybe you never
even considered the academic lifestyle.
Regardless, it is helpful to assess your skills,
interests, and career options even if you
aren’t actively looking for jobs.
I’ve been reading a series of books
about careers in science (I recommend Next
Gen PhD by Melanie Sinche), and they have
some common themes. One is to identify
the skills you already have. Consider that
skills every graduate student learns, such
as technical writing, communication, and
analytical thinking, are in high demand for
many fields, not just oceanography. The
next step is to consider your interests: what
do you spend your extracurricular and free
time doing? Why did you choose an ocean-
ography program? I realized I’m interested
in improving society, and it doesn’t need to
be ocean-related. A final step is to combine
skills, interests, and values to identify career
options. This is where a career counselor is
very helpful (and often free of charge if you
are still a student!). Once you identify your
options, find a mentor in that career.
After going through this self-assess-
ment, I feel better equipped to make deci-
sions about my career as they arise. Take
some time to think about it and visit the
TOS web page (https://tos.org/opportunities)
for more career resources.
— Stefanie
Send Us
Your Feedback!
Have questions or comments for the Student Rep?
Interested in being a highlighted student?
Want to share your best career tips and tricks?
We need your input!
» studentrep@tos.org and @mnemoniko
Follow Us
The Oceanography Society
@TOSOceanography
Student Resources
SECRETS TO THRIVING IN
GRADUATE SCHOOL
By Andrew D. Gaudet
» https://doi.org/10.1126/science.caredit.a1500019
Oceanography
Number 5 – October 17, 2017
Countdown to Ocean Sciences 2018
February 11–16 » Portland, OR, USA » osm.agu.org
OSM registration is now open! Register for the events below before they fill up.
» https://osm.agu.org/2018/registration
STUDENT & EARLY CAREER WORKSHOP. 8:30 am–4 pm, Sunday, February 11. Workshops on data
management, grant writing, and scientific communication. Coffee, lunch, and afternoon beverages
are included for all participants.
STUDENT MIXER. 6–8 pm, Monday, February 12. Refreshments provided.
MID-WEEK CAREER PANEL. 12:45–1:45 pm, Tuesday, February 13. Panel discussion on various career
options in the ocean sciences. Box lunch included.
SAVE THE DATE — TOS BREAKFAST. Tuesday, February 13, 7:00–8:00 am, Oregon Convention Center
(invitation and RSVP form coming from TOS in December).
Check here for updates » http://osm.agu.org/2018/students/student-early-career-scientist-events
osm.agu.org
Session Proposals System Now Open
Session Proposal Deadline
3 May 2017
Abstract Submissions Open
mid-Jul y 2017
Abstract Deadline
6 Sept 2017
11–16 February • Portland, Oregon, USA
News & Views
OUR OCEAN CONFERENCE. On October 5–6, 2017, the European Union hosted the fourth Our
Ocean conference in Malta. Explore the conference website to learn more about global commit-
ments toward sustaining a healthy ocean in six principal areas » https://ourocean2017.org
STUDENT NEWS
TOS Student Member Highlight
GUALTIERO SPIRO JAEGER. Shepherding is an under-appreciated task: always
challenging, rewarding when successful. Instead of jolly sheep on a Swiss meadow, I
guided research articles into a special issue of Oceanography.
Two years earlier, I began my PhD research in the MIT-WHOI Joint Program, working with Amala
Mahadevan as part of a collaboration investigating the northern Indian Ocean’s connection with
monsoon weather over Southeast Asia. Working on a research vessel together with an international
group of scientists and students from the United States, India, and Sri Lanka was an enriching expe-
rience. Later, as results emerged, I had the opportunity to assist the guest editors of the June 2016
special issue of Oceanography on the “Bay of Bengal: From Monsoons to Mixing” by managing the
article workflow from start to finish. As a student, I was in a unique position of facilitating communi-
cation between authors, guest editors who were also coauthors, reviewers, and the Oceanography
editor. To avoid conflicts of interests, I compartmentalized the assignment of anonymous peer
reviews, while recusing myself from the process for an article I coauthored. Producing from a collec-
tion of manuscripts the desired coherent and appealing structure also involved sourcing relevant
photographs from field experiments, soliciting graphics, and deciding the article order, in consulta-
tion with the different editors. The task required dedication and attention to details, while keeping
sight of the overall vision and meeting deadlines. Proud of the final product, I’m grateful for the
valuable experience gained managing the process, and I enjoyed working with the editorial team.
In Oceanography
CAREER PROFILES. Roughly
60 ocean scientists who have
pursued jobs outside of aca-
demia have contributed to
Oceanography’s Career Profiles
column. Read about their
career trajectories and sug-
gestions on how to go about
looking for jobs.
» https://tos.org/career-profiles
CALL FOR INPUT! Want to see more
profiles? Have other questions to ask?
Interested in different careers? Please
tell us what you think about this
column. » studentrep@tos.org
From the Rep
Welcome to the very first
TOS Student Newsletter!
Let me introduce myself. I
am Stefanie Mack, the TOS Council Student
Representative. I was elected to serve a
three-year term in 2016, and I provide
the Council with a student’s perspective
on current issues and Council decisions. I
recently received my PhD in oceanography
from Old Dominion University, and started
a postdoc at the University of Washington.
This is an exciting time to be the stu-
dent rep, as TOS is focusing on what it
can do for student members. Perhaps you
noticed that student membership is now
free! Or that we are in the testing phase of
a new mentorship program, designed to
help students explore career options out-
side of academia. There are more student-
centric ideas in the pipeline, including
some specifically for the next Ocean
Sciences Meeting.
I want to make TOS a great organization
that supports students. So, let me know.
What do you want out of your member-
ship? What information or opportunities
are you missing? Have any brilliant ideas
about ways to make graduate school life
better? Check out the feedback box for
ways to get in touch.
– Stefanie
Meet Your TOS Student Subcommittee Member
NUNZIA PIRRO. I always liked challenges: they make life less boring and more
exciting. My intellectual curiosity and passion for learning weren’t satiated after com-
pleting a Master’s degree in structural engineering. For this reason, I started my PhD
in physical oceanography while on a boat in the Indian Ocean. It was a great opportunity, a unique
experience, and a different way to start my studies. My home institution, the University of Notre
Dame (Indiana), is actively involved in field campaigns in the northern Indian Ocean with the goal
to understand air-sea interaction in the Bay of Bengal.
Being a TOS subcommittee student member is a bigger and newer challenge for me. My aim is to
serve the TOS student community positively, by both improving our education in ocean science and
giving voice to students’ opinions, advice, and concerns. I will use the skills set and competencies
I have acquired in past years while serving in the Engineering Student Association to help grow
ocean science community awareness and impact within the university setting. I wish to create a
challenging and fruitful environment for students.
Send Us Your Feedback!
Have questions or comments for the Student Rep?
Interested in being a highlighted student?
Want to share your best career tips and tricks?
We need your input!
» studentrep@tos.org and @mnemoniko
Follow Us
The Oceanography Society
@TOSOceanography
Career Tips
A CV IS NOT A RESUME, EXCEPT WHEN
IT IS! Definitions and expectations for
CVs and resumes vary by job type and by
country. Make sure you have the correct
document in the correct format for your
next job application.
KNOW WHEN YOU WANT TO GRADUATE?
Try creating a timeline by working back-
ward from that date. Figure out approxi-
mate times for important events such as
exams and your thesis defense. Remember
to leave extra time for responses from com-
mittee members. You never know when
someone will be in the field or on vacation.
Countdown to Ocean Sciences 2018
February 11–16 » Portland, OR, USA » osm.agu.org
Join us at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting. Explore a broad array of marine science topics
and broaden your connections within the oceanography community. More student activities are in
the works, including a Student and Early Career Conference on Sunday, February 11. Keep your eyes
on this section for information!
ABSTRACTS. Submissions open mid-July 2017; deadline September 6, 2017
FUNDING. Student and early career attendees will be eligible to apply for limited travel support
to the Ocean Sciences Meeting. Be sure to also check with your department or institution to see if
scholarships are available to fund student conference travel.
Student Resources
INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN. An IDP helps you explore career possibilities and set goals to
follow the career path that fits you best. » https://myidp.sciencecareers.org
TOS RESOURCES PAGE. Find job and fellowship links, shiptime opportunities, and helpful articles
and websites. » https://tos.org/opportunities
Oceanography
Number 1 – June 15, 2017
osm.agu.org
Session Proposals System Now Open
Session Proposal Deadline
3 May 2017
Abstract Submissions Open
mid-Jul y 2017
Abstract Deadline
6 Sept 2017
11–16 February • Portland, Oregon, USA
News & Views
HOW EFFICIENT ARE YOU? Find tips for
managing your time so that you can
lead more of a life outside of the lab.
» https://www.nature.com/naturejobs/
science/articles/10.1038/nj7656-175a
STUDENT NEWS
Seen In Oceanography
MANAGING LEVIATHAN:
Conservation Challenges for the
Great Whales in a Post-Whaling World
By Phillip J. Clapham
» https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.70
Seen In Oceanography
MANAGING LEVIATHAN:
Conservation Challenges for the
Great Whales in a Post-Whaling World
By Phillip J. Clapham
» https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.70
From the Rep
If you haven’t been able to
tell from the past several
issues of this newsletter, I’ve
been spending a good bit of time thinking
about my professional future. There is a
lot more to figuring out your career path
than tidying up your CV and job searching.
While mentoring can help you succeed in
your chosen role, and self-assessment can
help you decide what that role is, network-
ing is where the opportunities are.
It sounds a bit intimidating at first. I
picture myself awkwardly approaching an
Important Person, stumbling over my ele-
vator speech, and leaving them, minutes
later, with nothing but a bad impression.
Erase this sort of imagery from your mind.
Networking is just getting to know people.
No agenda, no pressure. It’s not introducing
yourself to Important Person so they know
who you are, realize you are awesome, and
subsequently offer you a permanent, high
paying job. Instead, it’s recognizing that
Important Person does interesting work,
and commenting on or asking a question
about that work, preferably after being
introduced by someone who knows you
both. Easy peasy. Just a simple conversation
about cool science (or any other common
ground, really). And repeat. After a while,
you’ll have a whole list of people you know.
This is your network. Then it’s quite easy
to send a quick email to Important Person
Friend saying that you started looking for
jobs in a certain field and do they have
any suggestions? The Resources section
links to more information on networking.
Brush up and get ready to network at the
Ocean Sciences Meeting!
— Stefanie
Send Us Your Feedback!
Have questions or comments for the Student Rep?
Interested in being a highlighted student?
Want to share your best career tips and tricks?
We need your input!
» studentrep@tos.org and @mnemoniko
Follow Us
The Oceanography Society
@TOSOceanography
Student Resources
WHY YOU SHOULD NETWORK:
Seven Myths Dispelled
Grad Logic Blog
» http://gradlogic.org/why-network
Oceanography
Number 6 – November 15, 2017
Countdown to Ocean Sciences 2018
February 11–16 » Portland, OR, USA » osm.agu.org
OSM registration and housing are now open! Register by early January to obtain discounted rates.
REGISTRATION » https://osm.agu.org/2018/registration | HOUSING » https://osm.agu.org/2018/housing
• STUDENT MIXER. 6–8 pm, Monday, Feb 12, Oregon Convention Center (refreshments provided).
• SAVE THE DATE—TOS BREAKFAST. 7–8 am, Tuesday, Feb 13, Oregon Convention Center (invita-
tion and RSVP form coming from TOS in December).
• K–12 MENTORS NEEDED. Wednesday, Feb 14. Help mentor students at OSM K–12 Day. Includes
student-mentor luncheon (box lunch provided). Interested? Contact abstracts@agu.org.
• FLUID OCEANS PECHA KUCHA. 8–10 pm, Wednesday, Feb 14, at the Spirit of 77 bar right by the
Convention Center. » https://osm.agu.org/2018/meeting-wide-events-2
• POP-UP TALKS. Wednesday and Thursday, Feb 14 & 15. An interdisciplinary session for five- minute
student presentations. More information and an application form will be available later this
week at: » https://osm.agu.org/2018/students/pop-up-talks
Check here for updates » https://osm.agu.org/2018/student-and-early-career-events
osm.agu.org
Session Proposals System Now Open
Session Proposal Deadline
3 May 2017
Abstract Submissions Open
mid-Jul y 2017
Abstract Deadline
6 Sept 2017
11–16 February • Portland, Oregon, USA
News & Views
UN CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE. At the time we are putting together this newsletter, COP 23 is
convening in Bonn, Germany. COP 23 is the next step governments need to take toward implement-
ing the Paris Climate Change Agreement. » http://unfccc.int/meetings/bonn_nov_2017/meeting/10084.php
STUDENT NEWS
TOS Student Member Highlight
HILLARY SCANNELL. The Graduate Climate Conference (GCC) is a three-day
meeting convened annually for graduate students in climate-related fields to share
their research with other students from universities across the country who work
on similar problems. What makes the GCC so unique is that it is entirely run by graduate students,
for graduate students. The responsibility of organizing and hosting this event typically alternates
between the University of Washington and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
I first attended the GCC in 2014 as a master’s student from the University of Maine, and again in
2016 as the GCC co-chair and PhD student from the University of Washington. Being involved as
both an attendee and organizing committee member has been an enriching networking experi-
ence and has taught me valuable collaboration and organization skills. A committee of 16 graduate
students from the University of Washington started organizing the conference a year in advance
and formed smaller subcommittees to address fundraising, communications, logistics, and adver-
tising. My role as the GCC co-Chair was to oversee the subcommittees to make sure all components
came together smoothly and to help moderate the conference the day of the event.
The GCC is now going into its 11th year and was convened in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, from
November 10–12, 2017. Getting involved is a great way to make connections during graduate
school and “teach” your research to other students. We all have something to learn from each other.
More information on GCC 2017 is available at http://gradclimateconf.mit.edu.
Oceanography | June 2018
Oceanography | June 2018
FROM THE PRESIDENT
We celebrated The Oceanography Society’s thirtieth anniversary
at the February Ocean Sciences Meeting in Portland, Oregon.
Among the week’s highlights (aside from the t-shirt giveaway)
was a gathering of past presidents (see photo) at the TOS break-
fast and a moving talk by Jim Baker about the Society’s founding
(available at https://youtu.be/rUzgpv9qilo).
As Jim noted in his remarks, the Society has matured over the
past three decades. Along with publishing Oceanography, TOS
gives awards, hosts meetings, connects people—all of the typical
things that societies do for their members. We need to acknowl-
edge that many founding members, ocean scientists who under-
stood 30 years ago that our field needed a society of its own,
are moving into retirement. This reality underscores the impor-
tance of the TOS initiative to grow our membership by attract-
ing young people—a diverse group of students and early career
scientists from academia, government agencies, and private
businesses around the world. Our forward trajectory is upward,
with youthful energy.
Along with our move to attract new members, we also need to
find creative ways to keep our senior-most members engaged in
TOS. These long-time members are an enormous storehouse of
wisdom and practical knowledge about how to build the field—
we depend upon many programs and research structures that
they created. Let’s find ways to transfer their wisdom to the new
generation of leaders who will take the wheel and steer the TOS
ship toward new waters.
How can we do this? The TOS Council is looking for ideas.
Would our senior members consider serving on an advisory
group that would mentor our younger members into leadership
positions? Or perhaps they could simply have a conversation
with our student members over coffee at meetings? Can they
help with our strategy of strengthening the ties between aca-
demic, government, and industry sectors—all important parts
of ocean sciences? Can they help to build international connec-
tions? Knowing how we got where we are today will benefit our
young generation of ocean scientists—who best to impart that
wisdom but our founding (and other long-term) members.
Senior TOS members, if any of these ideas resonate with you,
or you have others to share, please contact me and let’s talk.
Younger members—when you see our senior members at
meetings, introduce yourself, ask them questions. Soak up that
wisdom—and lead on.
Alan C. Mix, TOS President
of TOS and the Wisdom of Our Founders
The Oceanography Society presidents gathered at the TOS Breakfast, held February 13, 2018, included, from left, Ken Brink, Jim Baker, Margaret Leinen,
Jim Yoder, Martin Visbeck (president-elect), Alan Mix (president), Arnold Gordon, Mike Roman, Rick Spinrad.
Oceanography | Vol.31, No.2
PERSPECTIVES
Advice for Young Scientists on
Fruitful Membership in the Scientific Community
By Emmanuel Boss
Off and on for the past 20 years I have been
co-teaching an intense summer course in
optical oceanography. During the course,
graduate students and postdocs often
take the opportunity to ask my colleagues
and me questions about how they should
comport themselves as part of a scien-
tific community. During the most recent
course, I spent a class period speaking to
this issue. From the comments I received,
the students clearly were appreciative, and
I have since shared my notes with col-
leagues, many of whom found them use-
ful and have added materials of their own.
Here, I convey some of the lessons we
have learned through the years about
strategies for navigating within the sci-
entific community. They are by no means
comprehensive, nor have they been inves-
tigated scientifically, but I hope readers
will find them useful.
OUR BRAND IS OUR NAME
Basically, we want to have a reputation
for doing good science, and we want
people to use the science we produce
(e.g., by citing our work). A respectable
citation list is necessary for marketing
ourselves when we are seeking a job or
a promotion, or hope to join an expert
committee— and also for feeling engaged
in a meaningful endeavor. The associated
concept in marketing is the brand. Our
brand is our name.
It is self-evident that to enhance our
brand it should be associated with quality
work. It follows that we should be careful
about what papers we lend our name to or
the work we choose to accept (e.g., con-
sulting for a dubious “scientific” com-
pany). It is hard to change one’s brand,
as we operate in small communities that
have long-term memories. It is therefore
critical that we espouse a long-term view,
one of delayed gratification, rather than
one of short-term gain (e.g., a paper in a
high-impact journal with dubious data to
help with tenure) that could compromise
the longevity of our brand.
Other strategies to enhance your brand
involve being kind to others, and sharing
your ideas. While in rare cases somebody
might run off with your idea and not give
you credit, in which case you should be
careful sharing with them in the future, it
is more likely that it will result in a mean-
ingful collaboration. For many, collabora-
tion is one of the most joyful components
of the scientific enterprise. Your reputa-
tion as a human being, not only for the
science you produce, can also have sig-
nificant consequences for your future (in
particular, when job hunting). Sharing
can also result in papers written by col-
leagues who undertake the work you
don’t have time for. Never hesitate to
contact your peers if you have construc-
tive criticism to offer. They will appreci-
ate the help. Also, don’t let people wait for
your response to their queries. They will
choose to work with those who respond.
Looking at science as a zero-sum
game—thinking that a colleague’s success
comes at our own expense—is myopic
and counterproductive. The more diverse
approaches included, the more likely our
subfield will be able to provide useful
solutions, benefiting us all. A collabora-
tive approach also helps us to better make
the case for the importance of our sub-
field in order to increase resources and
attract young talent to it.
Marketing is also about communicat-
ing your brand and its products. Doing
great work that is not shared is like
inventing a great product that nobody
knows about. The product of your science
should be easily available. The more clicks
it takes to obtain the PDF of your article,
the less likely it is to be read (and hence
cited). If your paper is only available from
the publisher’s site, and additionally with
a fee, the likelihood it will be read by a sci-
entist at a poor university with no library
access is slim. On the other hand, if it
comes up in a simple search on the topic
with a link to a PDF, it is much more likely
to be read, and if relevant, cited. Sending
your papers to experts who you think will
appreciate it is perfectly OK and will save
you the grief of seeing their publication
on a subject you have been sweating on
that does not cite your work (it is also OK
to send it to them after the fact to ensure
they are aware of your work). Working on
topics of wide interest, while resulting in
more competition, is also more reward-
ing. It will increase the number of people
your work touches.
If you are interested in being invited to
join expert committees and possibly be
approached about jobs, you should have
an up-to-date and comprehensive per-
sonal website. Whether you should post
your PDF on your non-commercial web-
site is a matter of debate. I buy my publi-
cation rights whenever I am first author.
If a publisher should ever ask me to
remove a PDF, I will reconsider review-
ing for this publisher (an essential work
we do for free).
MANAGING YOUR TIME
AND STRESS LEVEL
A science career is not for everyone. Given
the many privileges that may be associated
with it (e.g., flexibility in hours, travel, sal-
ary, status, job security for some), it is
not possible to succeed without working
hard, often way beyond a “normal” work-
week. It is therefore very important to
learn to manage time well and find strat-
egies to ensure you have time for yourself
to avoid burnout. As participants in a cre-
ative line of work, our egos are often on