Oceanography | June 2018
contents
VOL. 31, NO. 2, June 2018
28
FROM THE GUEST EDITORS. Introduction to the Special Issue on
Ocean Warming
By P.J. Durack, A. Sen Gupta, and L.H. Smedsrud
32
The Ocean’s Role in Climate
By R.W. Schmitt
41
Ocean Warming: From the Surface to the Deep in Observations and Models
By P.J. Durack, P.J. Gleckler, S.G. Purkey, G.C. Johnson, J.M. Lyman, and T.P. Boyer
52
Southern Ocean Warming
By J.-B. Sallée
63
Chaotic Variability of Ocean Heat Content: Climate-Relevant Features
and Observational Implications
By T. Penduff, G. Sérazin, S. Leroux, S. Close, J.-M. Molines, B. Barnier, L. Bessières,
L. Terray, and G. Maze
72
An Ocean View of the Global Surface Warming Hiatus
By W. Liu and S.-P. Xie
80
Variability in Makassar Strait Heat Flux and Its Effect on the Eastern
Tropical Indian Ocean
By L.K. Gruenburg and A.L. Gordon
88
Simulation and Analysis of Hurricane-Driven Extreme Wave Climate
Under Two Ocean Warming Scenarios
By B. Timmermans, C. Patricola, and M. Wehner
100 Ocean-Ice Interactions in Inglefield Gulf: Early Results from NASA’s
Oceans Melting Greenland Mission
By J.K. Willis, D. Carroll, I. Fenty, G. Kohli, A. Khazendar, M. Rutherford, N. Trenholm,
and M. Morlighem
109 Projections of Future Sea Level Contributions from the Greenland and
Antarctic Ice Sheets: Challenges Beyond Dynamical Ice Sheet Modeling
By S. Nowicki and H. Seroussi
118
Increased Arctic Precipitation Slows Down Sea Ice Melt and Surface Warming
By R. Bintanja, C.A. Katsman, and F.M. Selten
126 Ocean Warming and the Reefs of Palau
By P.L. Colin
136 Trends in Benthic Macrofaunal Populations, Seasonal Sea Ice Persistence,
and Bottom Water Temperatures in the Bering Strait Region
By J.M. Grebmeier, K.E. Frey, L.W. Cooper, and M. Kędra
SPECIAL ISSUE ON Ocean Warming
100
88
TW
MW
IW
CDW
BW
WATER MASSES
TW: Subtropical Waters
MW: Mode Waters
IW: Intermediate Waters
CDW: Circumpolar Deep Waters
BW: Bottom Waters
No warming or cooling
1–6
Processes at play; see caption
Warming
~0.05°C per Decade
~0.2°C per Decade
1,000 m
4,000 m
52
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Year
–2.5
0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
Annual Heat Content Anomaly (1022 J)
41
Oceanography | June 2018