CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction to the Ocean Observing Supplement to Oceanography ...................................................................................................................................................................1
TOPIC 1. OCEAN-CLIMATE NEXUS ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
The Technological, Scientific, and Sociological Revolution of Global Subsurface Ocean Observing ...................................................................2
Linking Oxygen and Carbon Uptake with the Meridional Overturning Circulation Using a Transport Mooring Array...................9
Climate-Relevant Ocean Transport Measurements in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans ..............................................................................................................10
Coastal Monitoring in the Context of Climate Change: Time-Series Efforts in Lebanon and Argentina ...........................................................12
Changes in Southern Ocean Biogeochemistry and the Potential Impact on pH-Sensitive Planktonic Organisms .........................14
Monitoring Boundary Currents Using Ocean Observing Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................................................16
Putting Training into Practice: An Alumni Network Global Monitoring Program ....................................................................................................................................18
TOPIC 2. ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR DIVERSITY ..............................................................................................................................................................................20
Exploring New Technologies for Plankton Observations and Monitoring of Ocean Health ............................................................................................20
New Technologies Aid Understanding of the Factors Affecting Adélie Penguin Foraging ..............................................................................................26
Image Data Give New Insight into Life on the Seafloor ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................28
Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory Monitors the Atmosphere to the Seafloor on
Multidecadal Timescales ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29
The Evolution of Cyanobacteria Bloom Observation in the Baltic Sea ............................................................................................................................................................30
Ocean Observing in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre .....................................................................................................................................................................................................32
EcoFOCI: A Generation of Ecosystem Studies in Alaskan Waters ..........................................................................................................................................................................34
TOPIC 3. OCEAN RESOURCES AND THE ECONOMY UNDER
CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ...........................................................................................................................................................................................36
Integrating Biology into Ocean Observing Infrastructure: Society Depends on It ...........................................................................................................................36
Observations of Industrial Shallow-Water Prawn Trawling in Kenya .....................................................................................................................................................................44
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Identifying Marine Fisheries off the Coasts of Kenya and Tanzania ..............................46
Quantification of the Impact of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers ....................................................................................................................................................48
Upwelling Variability Offshore of Dakhla, Southern Morocco ........................................................................................................................................................................................49
Valuing the Ocean Carbon Sink in Light of National Climate Action Plans ...............................................................................................................................................50
TOPIC 4. POLLUTANTS AND CONTAMINANTS AND THEIR POTENTIAL
IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOSYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................................................52
An Integrated Observing System for Monitoring Marine Debris and Biodiversity ..........................................................................................................................52
A Novel Experiment in the Baltic Sea Shows that Dispersed Oil Droplets Can Be Distinguished by Remote Sensing ........60
Comparison of Two Soundscapes: An Opportunity to Assess the Dominance of Biophony Versus Anthropophony ..............62
PacIOOS Water Quality Sensor Partnership Program ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................66
An Integrated Observing Effort for Sargassum Monitoring and Warning in the Caribbean Sea, Tropical Atlantic,
and Gulf of Mexico ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................68