Oceanography | June 2019
SPURS-2
Oceanography
THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
VOL.32, NO.2, JUNE 2019
SPECIAL ISSUE ON
Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study 2
SPURS-2
Oceanography | Vol.32, No.2
VOL. 32, NO. 2, JUNE 2019
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Oceanography | June 2019
–16
–12
–8
–4
12
16
Nautical Miles E-W from Ship
–16
–12
–8
–4
12
16
Nautical Miles E-W from Ship
–16
–12
–8
–4
12
16
Nautical Miles N-S from Ship
relative intensity
Relative Intensity
(unitless)
11/10/17
00:18 UTC
No data in aft sector
Heading
contents
VOL. 32, NO. 2, JUNE 2019
15
FROM THE GUEST EDITORS. SPURS-2: Salinity Processes in the Upper-
ocean Regional Study 2 – The Eastern Equatorial Pacific Experiment
By E.J. Lindstrom, J.B. Edson, J.J. Schanze, and A.Y. Shcherbina
20
Patterns of SSS Variability in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Intraseasonal to
Interannual Timescales from Seven Years of NASA Satellite Data
By O. Melnichenko, P. Hacker, F.M. Bingham, and T. Lee
30
On the Factors Driving Upper-Ocean Salinity Variability at the Western
Edge of the Eastern Pacific Fresh Pool
By J.T. Farrar and A.J. Plueddemann
40
SIDEBAR. Upper-Ocean Salinity Stratification During SPURS-2
By J. Sprintall
42
Observations of Large-Scale Rainfall, Wind, and Sea Surface Salinity
Variability in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
By S.C. Riser, J. Yang, and R. Drucker
50
Deployment of the SEA-POL C-band Polarimetric Radar to SPURS-2
By S.A. Rutledge, V. Chandrasekar, B. Fuchs, J. George, F. Junyent, P. Kennedy,
and B. Dolan
58
High-Resolution Rain Maps from an X-band Marine Radar and Their Use
in Understanding Ocean Freshening
By E.J. Thompson, W.E. Asher, A.T. Jessup, and K. Drushka
66
Observations of Near-Surface Salinity and Temperature Structure with
Dual-Sensor Lagrangian Drifters During SPURS-2
By D.L. Volkov, S. Dong, G.R. Foltz, G. Goni, and R. Lumpkin
76
Capturing Fresh Layers with the Surface Salinity Profiler
By K. Drushka, W.E. Asher, A.T. Jessup, E.J. Thompson, S. Iyer, and D. Clark
86
Effects of Rainfall on the Atmosphere and the Ocean During SPURS-2
By C.A. Clayson, J.B. Edson, A. Paget, R. Graham, and B. Greenwood
98
Rain and Sun Create Slippery Layers in the Eastern Pacific Fresh Pool
By A.Y. Shcherbina, E.A. D’Asaro, and R.R. Harcourt
108 Estimating Rain-Generated Turbulence at the Ocean Surface Using the
Active Controlled Flux Technique
By W.E. Asher, K. Drushka, A.T. Jessup, E.J. Thompson, and D. Clark
116 Novel and Flexible Approach to Access the Open Ocean: Uses of Sailing
Research Vessel Lady Amber During SPURS-2
By L. Rainville, L.R. Centurioni, W.E. Asher, C.A. Clayson, K. Drushka, J.B. Edson,
B.A. Hodges, V. Hormann, J.T. Farrar, J.J. Schanze, and A.Y. Shcherbina
122 Comparing Air-Sea Flux Measurements from a New Unmanned Surface
Vehicle and Proven Platforms During the SPURS-2 Field Campaign
By D. Zhang, M.F. Cronin, C. Meinig, J.T. Farrar, R. Jenkins, D. Peacock, J. Keene,
A. Sutton, and Q. Yang
SPECIAL ISSUE ON SPURS-2:
SALINITY PROCESSES IN THE UPPER-OCEAN
REGIONAL STUDY 2
30
116
42
58
Oceanography | June 2019
NEC
NECC
Eastern Pacific
Fresh Pool
125°12’W
125°6’W
125°12’W
125°6’W
27.75
27.80
27.85
27.90
27.95
33.15
33.20
33.25
33.30
33.35
20
40
60
80
Wind Speed
Rain Rate
SALINITY
Temperature 2 m
Temperature 1 m
Snake (0 m)
12
16
13:00
14:00
15:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
33.6
33.4
33.2
33.0
32.8
32.6
27.7
27.8
27.9
28.0
28.1
R/V Revelle
Lady Amber
R/V Revelle
Lady Amber
9°12’N
9°10’N
9°8’N
9°6’N
9°4’N
9°12’N
9°10’N
9°8’N
9°6’N
9°4’N
Salinity 2 m
Salinity 1 m
Snake (0 m)
°C
mm hr–1
m s–1
°C
Oceanography | Vol.32, No.2
A
SPURS-2
Non Profit Org.
U.S. Postage
PAID
Washington, DC
Permit No. 251
The Oceanography Society
1 Research Court, Suite 450
Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Oceanography
Vol. 32, No. 2, June 2019
Oceanography
THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
VOL.32, NO.2, JUNE 2019
SPECIAL ISSUE ON
Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study 2
SPURS-2
For a
Resilient
Planet
Abstract Submissions
Open 10 July
oceans2020.org
16–21 FEBRUARY 2020
SAN DIEGO, CA, USA
OCEAN
SCIENCES
MEETING
For a
Resilient
Planet
Abstract Submissions
Open 10 July
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16–21 FEBRUARY 2020
SAN DIEGO, CA, USA
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SCIENCES
MEETING
CONTACT US
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SPECIAL ISSUE SPONSORS
Production of this issue of Oceanography was
supported by NASA.
SPECIAL ISSUE GUEST EDITORS
James Edson, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution
Eric Lindstrom, NASA Headquarters
Julian Schanze, Earth & Space Research
Andrey Shcherbina, University of Washington
134 Multiscale Simulation, Data Assimilation, and Forecasting in Support of
the SPURS-2 Field Campaign
By Z. Li, F.M. Bingham, and P.P. Li
142 The SPURS-2 Eastern Tropical Pacific Field Campaign Data Collection
By F.M. Bingham, V. Tsontos, A. deCharon, C.J. Lauter, and L. Taylor
REGULAR ISSUE FEATURE
150 Air-Sea-Land Forcing in the Gulf of Tonkin: Assessing Seasonal Variability
Using Modern Tools
By P. Rogowski, J. Zavala-Garay, K. Shearman, E. Terrill, J. Wilkin, and T.H. Lam
BREAKING WAVES
162 Rapid Climate-Driven Circulation Changes Threaten Conservation of
Endangered North Atlantic Right Whales
By N.R. Record, J.A. Runge, D.E. Pendleton, W.M. Balch, K.T.A. Davies, A.J. Pershing,
C.L. Johnson, K. Stamieszkin, R. Ji, Z. Feng, S.D. Kraus, R.D. Kenney, C.A. Hudak,
C.A. Mayo, C. Chen, J.E. Salisbury, and C.R.S. Thompson
ROGER REVELLE COMMEMORATIVE LECTURE
170 Sustainability in Deep Water: The Challenges of Climate Change,
Human Pressures, and Biodiversity Conservation
By L.A. Levin
DEPARTMENTS
05
QUARTERDECK. Open Access and More
By E.S. Kappel
07
FROM THE PRESIDENT. Where is the Ocean in Global Policy Discussions?
By M. Visbeck
09
TOS NEWS. Announcing the TOS Ethics Committee
By R.W. Murray and J. Ramarui
11
COMMENTARY. The 2 Out of 3 Rule for Authorship
By H.M. Dierssen
12
RIPPLE MARKS. New Lifeblood for Atlantic Horseshoe Crabs
By C.L. Dybas
181 CAREER PROFILES. Miriam Goldstein, Director of Ocean Policy and
Managing Director of Energy and Environment, Center for American
Progress • Leslie M. Smith, Communications Consultant, Your Ocean
Consulting LLC
184 TOS NEWS. Congratulations to the New TOS Fellows
ON THE COVER
A montage of photos from the SPURS-2 field program
(courtesy of Eric Lindstrom, NASA Headquarters)
and SMAP RSS V3.0 L2 sea surface salinity data for
September 2017 (Meissner et al., 2018, https://doi.org/
10.3390/rs10071121) combined with the NASA Blue
Marble Next Generation for land cover (Reto Stöckli,
NASA Earth Observatory). Areas close to land are
interpolated for aesthetic purposes.
162
170
Oceanography | Vol.32, No.2
Oceanography | June 2019
A
EDITOR
Ellen S. Kappel
Geosciences Professional
Services Inc.
t: (1) 301-229-2709
ekappel@geo-prose.com
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Vicky Cullen
t: (1) 508-548-1027
vcullen@whoi.edu
CONTRIBUTING WRITER
Cheryl Lyn Dybas
cheryl.lyn.dybas@gmail.com
DESIGN/PRODUCTION
Johanna Adams
johanna-adams@cox.net
Oceanography
https://tos.org/oceanography
Oceanography contains peer-reviewed articles that chronicle all aspects of
ocean science and its applications. The journal presents significant research,
noteworthy achievements, exciting new technology, and articles that address
public policy and education and how they are affected by science and tech-
nology. The overall goal of Oceanography is cross-disciplinary communica-
tion in the ocean sciences.
Oceanography (ISSN 1042-8275) is published by The Oceanography
Society, 1 Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. ©2019
The Oceanography Society Inc. Oceanography articles are licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits
use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or
format as long as users cite the materials appropriately, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that were made
to the original content. Third-party material used in articles are included in
the Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to
the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons
license, users will need to obtain permission directly from the license holder
to reproduce the material. Please contact Jennifer Ramarui at info@tos.org
for further information.
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Claudia Benitez-Nelson
University of South Carolina
cbnelson@geol.sc.edu
Ian Brosnan
NASA Ames Research Center
ian.g.brosnan@nasa.gov
Grace Chang
Integral Consulting Inc.
gchang@integral-corp.com
Margaret L. (Peggy) Delaney
University of California, Santa Cruz
delaney@ucsc.edu
Philip N. Froelich
Duke University
froelich@magnet.fsu.edu
Charles H. Greene
Cornell University
chg2@cornell.edu
William Smyth
Oregon State University
smyth@coas.oregonstate.edu
Kiyoshi Suyehiro
Yokohama Institute for Earth
Sciences, JAMSTEC
suyehiro@jamstec.go.jp
Peter Wadhams
University of Cambridge
p.wadhams@damtp.cam.ac.uk
The Oceanography Society was founded in 1988 to
advance oceanographic research, technology, and
education, and to disseminate knowledge of ocean-
ography and its application through research and
education. TOS promotes the broad understand-
ing of oceanography, facilitates consensus building
across all the disciplines of the field, and informs the
public about ocean research, innovative technology,
and educational opportunities throughout the spec-
trum of oceanographic inquiry.
OFFICERS
PRESIDENT: Martin Visbeck
PRESIDENT-ELECT: Andone Lavery
PAST-PRESIDENT: Alan C. Mix
SECRETARY: Allison Miller
TREASURER: Susan Banahan
COUNCILORS
AT-LARGE: Richard Crout
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY: James Girton
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Charles H. Greene
CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Peter Sedwick
EDUCATION: Carolyn Scheurle
GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Amelia Shevenell
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY: Magdalena Andres
STUDENT REPRESENTATIVE: Christina Hernández
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Jennifer Ramarui
CORPORATE AND
INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS
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» https://www.bakerdonelson.com
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» https://www.integral-corp.com/
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CONTACT INFO
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t: (1) 301-251-7708
f: (1) 301-251-7709
email: info@tos.org
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Oceanography | June 2019
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QUARTERDECK
Open Access and More
Over the past few months, the Oceanography Editorial Board has been writing
and updating procedures and forms for the magazine. First and foremost, we
are pleased to announce that Oceanography is now using the Creative Commons
BY 4.0 license, making Oceanography truly open access. The CC BY 4.0 license
permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction of materials in
any medium or format as long as users cite the materials appropriately, provide a
link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that were made
to the original content (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Instead of
signing over copyrights to The Oceanography Society as in the past, with the new
Oceanography “license to publish,” authors retain the rights to their articles (see
Author Guidelines at https://tos.org/oceanography/guidelines/). Authors will be
asked to sign and submit the new form(s) at the same time as they submit articles
to Oceanography. The terms of the CC BY 4.0 license will apply to all past articles
published in Oceanography.
Also on our Author Guidelines page, earlier this year we posted the TOS
Policy on Publication (https://tos.org/pdfs/TOS_Publications_Policy_Approved
12.13.18.pdf). These pages are a subset of TOS’s full Policy on Professional
Integrity, Ethics, and Conduct, and Guidelines for Implementation, available at
https://tos.org/policies/. The Publications Policy reviews the ethical obligations
of editors, authors, reviewers, and the TOS Council and staff with regard to
Oceanography and other TOS publications. We urge you to review these policies,
even if you are familiar with publishing in academic journals.
To demystify the process for getting special issues on the publication schedule,
in May we posted clearer guidance to the Oceanography website (https://tos.org/
oceanography/special-issues/). While we still welcome—and indeed encourage—
informal suggestions for special issue topics, we describe a process that requires
submitting a short proposal that includes background information on the topic as
well as the subject matter of potential individual articles.
We would like to hear from you about what we can do to continue to improve
information delivery on the Oceanography website. We are particularly inter-
ested in improving the individual article pages. Please send your ideas to me at
ekappel@geo-prose.com.
Thanks, and have a great summer!
Ellen S. Kappel, Editor
Do you have an idea for a special
issue of Oceanography? Please send
your suggestions to Editor Ellen Kappel
at ekappel@geo-prose.com.
CALL FOR IDEAS!
September 2019
Partnership for Interdisciplinary
Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO)
December 2019
Flow Encountering Abrupt
Topography (FLEAT)
March 2020
TBN
June 2020
Paleoceanography –
Lessons for a Changing World
https://tos.org/oceanography
Oceanography
SPECIAL ISSUES
UPCOMING
AN OCEAN
OF OPPORTUNITY
THE VISION In recognition of the central role the ocean plays in
supporting all life on earth, we see a resilient world whose societies
prosper through sustainable interactions with our ocean, guided by timely,
reliable, and accessible information.
THE MISSION Oceanobs’19 is a community-driven conference
that brings people from all over the planet to communicate
the decadal progress of ocean observing networks and to
chart innovative solutions to society’s growing needs for
ocean information. As the third installment of the decadal
conference series, oceanobs’19 will celebrate progress
across national, regional, and global ocean observation
networks while establishing commitments to execute the
collective vision for these systems over the coming decade.
THE IMPACT OceanObs’19 will determine how we meet
future user needs (information), improve the delivery of products
across the globe (interoperability), advance technology and services
(innovation), and balance needs, capabilities, and knowledge worldwide
(integration). Achieving these outcomes will result in a fit-for-purpose
Global Ocean Observing System over the next decade.
OCEANOBS’19: AN OCEAN OF OPPORTUNITY
SEPTEMBER 16-20, 2019 • HONOLULU, HAWAII, USA
Visit our site for more information.
WWW.OCEANOBS19.NET
Follow us on twitter @Oceanobs19
Oceanography | June 2019
AN OCEAN
OF OPPORTUNITY
THE VISION In recognition of the central role the ocean plays in
supporting all life on earth, we see a resilient world whose societies
prosper through sustainable interactions with our ocean, guided by timely,
reliable, and accessible information.
THE MISSION Oceanobs’19 is a community-driven conference
that brings people from all over the planet to communicate
the decadal progress of ocean observing networks and to
chart innovative solutions to society’s growing needs for
ocean information. As the third installment of the decadal
conference series, oceanobs’19 will celebrate progress
across national, regional, and global ocean observation
networks while establishing commitments to execute the
collective vision for these systems over the coming decade.
THE IMPACT OceanObs’19 will determine how we meet
future user needs (information), improve the delivery of products
across the globe (interoperability), advance technology and services
(innovation), and balance needs, capabilities, and knowledge worldwide
(integration). Achieving these outcomes will result in a fit-for-purpose
Global Ocean Observing System over the next decade.
OCEANOBS’19: AN OCEAN OF OPPORTUNITY
SEPTEMBER 16-20, 2019 • HONOLULU, HAWAII, USA
Visit our site for more information.
WWW.OCEANOBS19.NET
Follow us on twitter @Oceanobs19
On May 5 and 6, the G71 environment
ministers gathered in France to discuss
pressing needs, and then issued a state-
ment in the context of “fighting inequal-
ities by protecting biodiversity and cli-
mate.” Among the 52 actions highlighted
in their 12-page report, a few have direct
relevance to The Oceanography Society.
Words used most frequently in the decla-
ration include biodiversity (49 instances),
sustainable (42), and climate (33). Way
down that list are key words that relate
directly to TOS—ocean (15) and marine
(14). The G7 ministers “emphasize the
need to address the different ways in
which climate change and environmental
degradation affect territories, oceans and
seas, activities and people,” so at least the
ocean was included. And the G7 are com-
mitted to improving and sharing the lat-
est state-of-the art knowledge regarding
the ecological state of the ocean, to boost-
ing ocean awareness and literacy, and to
ensuring that existing and new anthropo-
genic pressures are reduced and do not
threaten the health of the ocean.
Where is the OCEAN
in Global Policy Discussions?
1 G7 is a collective of seven of the world’s most industrialized and developed economies: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom,
and the United States.
2 G20 is a forum for international economic cooperation and decision-making that includes Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany,
India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the
European Union.
In this respect, we welcome the G7
Initiative on Earth Observation and
Integrated Coastal Zone Management as
well as the work by the G7 Future of the
Seas and Oceans Working Group and its
efforts to establish an Ocean Observation
Coordination Centre to strengthen col-
laboration, including with the Global
Ocean Observing System (GOOS). We
invite the Working Group to support
preparations for and activities under
the UN Decade of Ocean Science for
Sustainable Development (2021–2030).
“The ocean we need for the future we
want!” decadal proposal aims to gather
stakeholders worldwide behind a com-
mon framework to ensure that ocean
science can fully support countries in
creating improved conditions for the
conservation and sustainable use of the
ocean, seas, and marine resources. So,
here you go fellow TOS members, we
have work to do!
Two months earlier, on March 6, 2019,
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan
received the Joint Statement by Science20
(S20) as part of this year’s G202 process.
The executive summary begins with:
“A healthy coastal and marine environ-
ment is essential for the ongoing sustain-
able development of human society. The
ocean is a large absorber of atmospheric
heat and carbon dioxide, and provides
a vital buffer against anthropogenic cli-
mate change. The ocean contributes to
human well-being in many ways, such as
providing protein from fisheries, main-
taining various natural cycles and is also
a source of recreation and spiritual com-
fort. However, coastal and marine eco-
systems are also facing serious threats.”
The five-page document uses the word
ocean 42 times, followed by marine (32)
and other keywords such as plastic (22),
ecosystem (13), carbon (11), and climate
(10). To my knowledge, it is the first time
that the G20 process has taken note of the
ocean and, more remarkable, that under
the Japanese leadership the only topic
the science track under G20 addressed
this year was the ocean. That is excellent
news, because the G20 group is much
more inclusive than the G7 and speaks
better to the broad, global membership
of TOS. Statements like those should give
us hope that the science we do is increas-
ingly recognized and supported by differ-
ent policy groups around the world.
Finally, on May 6 the Intergovernmental
Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) released
its major report. The top three words
found in the 30 pages of tightly spaced
text are nature (52), change (43), and bio-
diversity (39), and when adding oceans
and ocean together, we have a respectable
FROM THE PRESIDENT
Oceanography | Vol.32, No.2
(27). The report says: “Nature across most
of the globe has now been significantly
altered by multiple human drivers, with
the great majority of indicators of eco-
systems and biodiversity showing rapid
decline. Seventy-five per cent of the land
surface is significantly altered, 66 per cent
of the ocean area is experiencing increas-
ing cumulative impacts, and over 85 per
cent of wetlands (area) has been lost.” But
the report provides directions for future
work. “Sustaining and conserving fisher-
ies and marine species and ecosystems can
be achieved through a coordinated mix of
interventions on land, in fresh water and
in the oceans, including multilevel coor-
dination across stakeholders on the use
of open oceans.” And, “Ensuring sustain-
able food production from the oceans
while protecting biodiversity entails pol-
icy action to apply sustainable ecosystem
approaches to fisheries management, spa-
tial planning (including the implementa-
tion and expansion of marine protected
areas) and, more broadly, to address driv-
ers such as climate change and pollution.”
All of this will require excellence in
ocean science and the collection of data
and information that can support those
actions. While the engagement of ocean
experts in IPBES could be strengthened,
these assessment reports (including the
IPCC special report on Cryosphere and
Ocean expected later this year) should
be discussed widely in the ocean science
community as they may offer guidance
toward new areas of focus.
Martin Visbeck, TOS President
REFERENCES
G7 Statement of Environment Ministers:
https://www.elysee.fr/admin/upload/default/ 0001/
04/ 7d84becef82b656c246fa1b26519567ce
3755600.pdf.
G20 Statement of Science Ministers:
https://www.leopoldina.org/uploads/tx_leo
publication/2019_S20_Japan_Statement_07.pdf.
IPBES press release with link to draft reports:
https://www.ipbes.net/news/Media-Release-
Global-Assessment
Graduate Student and
Early Career Resources
https://tos.org/opportunities
The Oceanography Society’s portal contains information
on jobs, fellowships, scholarships, and ship time/fieldwork
opportunities, as well as links to useful articles. New resources are
added regularly, so please be sure visit this site often!
Oceanography Student News
https://tos.org/opportunities
Seen in Oceanography
True Colors of
Oceanography
Guidelines for Effective and Accurate
Colormap Selection
By Kristen M. Thyng et al.
…wherever color is used to represent
numerical values, its role transitions from
a mere aesthetic nicety to carrying the
responsibility of conveying data honestly
and accurately.
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.66
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We need your input!
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Oceanography
Number 22 – March 15, 2019
STUDENT NEWS
TOS Student Highlight
ISAIAH MILTON. I am a third-year marine and environmental science major work-
ing toward my Bachelor of Science degree at Hampton University. I became enam-
ored with marine biology in middle school after the father of a friend of mine came in
to talk about his occupation. He works for NOAA and he was studying marine mammals and how we
affect their migration. I do not remember every detail, but I do know that he sparked my perpetually
growing interest in studying the marine science.
When I was accepted to Hampton University in 2016, I did not know all of the things I was getting
myself into for the next four years. This department has offered me so many academic and research
opportunities, and connections with people and programs that have significantly changed my life
for the better. I had enlightening and inspiring summer research experiences because of this depart-
ment. I have done research in the Maryland Coastal Bays on Blue Crabs and the bacteria infecting
them through the University of Maryland Eastern Shore, and I have scuba dived on the coral reefs of
Mo’orea, French Polynesia, through the Diversity Project at UCLA.
After completing these research projects, I was able to attend the ASLO conference through the
ASLO Multicultural Program (ASLOMP) two years in a row to present my research. I have made great
connections that have pushed me to pursue my PhD after I graduate. I am so grateful for the experi-
ences I have had in the past three years here at Hampton and in the field of marine science.
tos.org
Ocean Sciences Meeting 2020
Call for Input
Camille Pagniello is the TOS Student Rep-
resentative on the 2020 Ocean Sciences
Meeting Planning Committee. She and
her counterparts from AGU and ASLO are
building upon experiences from the 2018
OSM to create exciting events for next
year’s meeting. Ideas from TOS student
members are welcome, please send them
to Camille at cpagniel@ucsd.edu.
31 Tips for Thriving in
Graduate School (the last 7)
From https://graduateschool.vt.edu/
about/deanscorner/tips-for-thriving.html
25. Laughter is good for you. And so is
keeping a good sense of humor.
26. Goals are important for progress.
Set long term and short term goals.
Review regularly.
27. Don’t write a script about things to
come. Be attentive as the journey
unfolds and follow.
28. You might not have all the information
you need or want. It is OK to ask
questions. Ask!
29. Learn through active listening
and observing. Also, look for the
“unobvious.”
30. (originally the last one): Change
rhetoric and reality from surviving to
thriving in graduate school. Shared
responsibility. Please join.
31. It’s hard to thrive without a mentor.
Find at least one, maybe more
than one.
From the Rep
Self-assessment and
comparison.
How do we know if we’re
doing “enough”? If we’ll finish on time? If
we’ll be competitive on the job market?
I’m a fourth-year PhD student, and I
just submitted my first lead-author paper.
For the first three years, I was so sensitive
to my classmates submitting papers—it
felt like everyone around me was building
their resumes, and I wasn’t.
The wonderful flexibility that we have in
research comes at a price—we must learn
how to assess ourselves. We (with the help
of advisors and collaborators) decide when
the project is ready for submission. We
(mostly) decide how many hours we work,
and when, and where. Throughout our
schooling, we are assessed using grades,
which can largely be relative to our class-
mates. It makes absolutely perfect sense
that we use our classmates as yardsticks
against which to measure our effort and
productivity.
The reality, though, is that no two proj-
ects can be compared. Once we’ve been
doing this science thing long enough, we’ll
know intuitively that each project moves at
its own pace. Sometimes it takes months to
perfect a laboratory technique, and other
times we are able to do a new analysis with
pre-existing data. I think a lot of our anxiet-
ies in graduate school are normal “growing
pains” as scientists, and I’ll talk more about
that next month.
I’d love to hear from you about how you
deal with self-assessment—write to me at
chernandez@whoi.edu or @fishy_chrissy
on Twitter and Instagram!
— Chrissy
Have You Read...?
From academia to industry: Seven tips
for scientists making the leap. Crystal
Romeo Upperman shares her advice after
moving out of the lab and into the private
sector. Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/
d41586-019-00692-y
True Colors of
Oceanography
Guidelines for Effective and Accurate
Colormap Selection
Seen in Oceanography
WAVE NAVIGATION IN
THE MARSHALL ISLANDS
Comparing Indigenous and Western
Scientific Knowledge of the Ocean
By Joseph Genz et al.
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.52
WE NEED
YOUR INPUT!
Help Freshen
Your TOS Resources
Web Page
https://tos.org/opportunities
Have you used the Graduate Student/
Early Career Resources pages on the TOS
website? If so, tell us what you like about
it. If some types of resources are missing
that you’d like to have, please let us know
that, too. This page is for you. Help us
keep it fresh and useful. Send all ideas to
Jenny at jenny@tos.org.
Send Us Your Feedback!
Have questions or comments for the Student Rep?
Interested in being a highlighted student?
Want to share your best career tips and tricks?
We need your input!
» studentrep@tos.org and @fishy_chrissy
Follow Us
The Oceanography Society
@TOSOceanography
@TOSOceanography
Oceanography
Number 23 – April 18, 2019
STUDENT NEWS
TOS Student Highlight
NANA KAMIYA. I’m a third-year PhD engineering student at Kyoto University. I am
investigating subduction zones using paleo-geothermal analyses and rock mechan-
ics experiments. As an undergraduate, I majored in geology and conducted struc-
tural geology fieldwork on land. For my PhD, I am concentrating on engineering aspects of geology,
performing consolidation tests. Rock engineering can inform different geological processes, thus
pursuing studies in the engineering department is very interesting and worthwhile for me.
When I was a second-year master’s student, I joined International Ocean Discovery Program
Expedition 370, Temperature Limit of the Deep Biosphere off Muroto, as a physical properties spe-
cialist. The two-month expedition was aboard Chikyu, the Japanese scientific drilling vessel that is
capable of penetrating deep below the seafloor. The science party was composed of microbiologists,
geochemists, sedimentologists, and physical properties specialists. We probed the temperature of
limit of life by exploring the combined geological structure, chemical environment, and population
of microbes as revealed through drilling. This experience was very exciting. I found that the field of
geology is like a house of microbes! The combined geology and microbiology discussions made me
see geology in a whole new way.
Combining the knowledge gained from samples collected from both land and beneath the sea is
important for understanding subduction zones. Until now, I have mainly analyzed on-land samples,
but the active subduction zone is located in the ocean. I look forward to doing some more marine
geology based on my experiences on Chikyu.
tos.org
More Resources
Conversations with Women of Color
in STEM: #Vanguard STEM
https://www.vanguardstem.com/show-content/
Try an episode of this live, monthly web-
series featuring a rotating panel of women
of color in STEM discussing a wide variety
of topics including their research interests,
wisdom, advice, tips, tricks and commen-
tary on current events.
From the Rep
Growing Pains
Did anyone else have really
bad growing pains as a kid?
I remember in elementary school that my
shins hurt so badly, just because I was
growing. I hadn’t done anything to cause
it, and there wasn’t really anything to do
except wait for it to get easier.
This is how I’ve started to think about
my stress and anxiety in graduate school.
First of all, I think that most people in their
twenties have these feelings. In some
ways, grad school is like your first job—it’s
a roughly five-year contract, and both
you and your supervisors are feeling out
whether it’s a good fit for you. In nearly
any first job, there is a big learning curve;
there’s wondering if you’re learning it
fast enough or doing it well enough, and
there’s worrying if it’s even what you want
to be doing.
There might be some ways to ease this
stress and uncertainty, but mostly it just
abates with time. You have to keep walk-
ing, writing, culturing bacteria, building
instruments, analyzing data, whatever it
is…and one day you look around and real-
ize you’re a scientist. We should certainly
work to reduce the types of stresses that
stem from systemic societal issues, but we
shouldn’t fear the growing pains. If you’re
reading this, you’re doing great—trust the
process and keep going.
I’d love to hear what you think—write
to me at chernandez@whoi.edu or @fishy_
chrissy on Twitter and Instagram!
— Chrissy
Have You Heard?
WorkLife with Adam Grant
https://www.ted.com/series/worklife_with_
adam_grant
You may want to check out this podcast.
Titles include:
» How to love criticism
» Become friends with your rivals
» Networking for people who hate
networking
» And more
Hello PhD
http://hellophd.com/
Or, how about this podcast? Titles include:
» How to give a perfect poster presentation
» The secret life of pets (in grad school)
» Conference like the pros
» Plus many, many more
Seen in Oceanography
THE MICROBIAL LOOP
By Lawrence R. Pomeroy, et al.
Methods and concepts to explore
the significance of microbes in the
ocean’s web of life.
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.45
Tell Us What You Think About
the Career Profiles Page
https://tos.org/career-profiles
Oceanography has now been publishing
“career profiles” for almost a decade. We
profile ocean scientists who have careers
outside of academia. The idea for this col-
umn came from you —graduate students.
• Is 10 years enough? Shall we discontinue
this column after December 2019?
• Are we asking the right questions?
• Are we profiling the types of careers
you’d like to hear about?
• Is there some other column you’d rather
us publish?
Please send your ideas and comments
to Oceanography Editor Ellen Kappel at
ekappel@geo-prose.com.
Send Us Your Feedback!
Have questions or comments for the Student Rep?
Interested in being a highlighted student?
Want to share your best career tips and tricks?
We need your input!
» studentrep@tos.org and @fishy_chrissy
Follow Us
The Oceanography Society
@TOSOceanography
@TOSOceanography
Oceanography
Number 24 – May 15, 2019
STUDENT NEWS
TOS Student Highlight
THOMAS MORROW. Here’s my history in a headline: “Florida man moves to Idaho
to study seafloor structure and tectonics.” I am a PhD candidate at the University of
Idaho, with a BS in geology from the University of Florida. Despite my efforts to move
further inland, I study oceanic lithosphere rheology, deformation, and tectonics thanks to inclusive
approaches to data sharing, open access repositories, and telepresence-enabled cruises.
Most data I work with (e.g., bathymetry, satellite gravity measurements) are from openly available
compilations such as the Global Seafloor Fabric and Magnetic Lineation Database and the Global
Multi-Resolution Topography Data Synthesis. One of the most frustrating experiences I’ve had as
a graduate student is waiting years for another researcher to share their observations, even after
publication or embargoes end. Certainly, scientists that collect observations deserve the first oppor-
tunity to publish their findings, but once this information is out, they should share data as openly
as possible.
I recently participated via telepresence in a NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer cruise to the Pacific
Ocean. Immediately after, I added newly collected bathymetry soundings to a manuscript while the
Okeanos Explorer crew sent the data on to their open access archive. Competition for funding and
ship time have often been limiting factors in my graduate school experience, but open access data,
like the GSFML and GMRT compilations, and telepresence-enabled cruises, like the Okeanos Explorer
program, remedy these constraints and make our research communities more inclusive. They allow
students—regardless of where they live—to publish compelling results, even when they can’t easily
access field opportunities or analytical facilities.
tos.org
Mental Health Resources
• Psychology Today. Find a therapist
using this listing of mental health profes-
sionals. https://www.psychologytoday.
com/us/therapists
• Mental Health in the Sciences. Nature
series offering stories and advice on
how to maintain good mental health in
the hyper-competitive science environ-
ment. https://www.nature.com/articles/
d41586-018-04998-1
• PhDepression. Support and resources
for PhDs, post-grads, and grad students.
https://www.thephdepression.com/
From the Rep
It’s the 70th Annual
Mental Health Month!
Since 1949, Mental Health
America has highlighted the importance
of mental health in May. This year’s theme
focuses on the value of animal compan-
ionship, spirituality, humor, and social
connectedness. There are some great
resources on their website (http://www.
mentalhealthamerica.net/may).
Mental health isn’t something that
matters only for people who have been
diagnosed with mental health disorders.
Mental health encompasses how any indi-
vidual handles their feelings—stress, grief,
anger, and also happiness. It is about how
we deal with life, including health, relation-
ships, and work difficulties. Ultimately, tak-
ing care of our mental health will prevent
us from burning out.
Tending to our mental health is per-
sonal and multi-faceted. For me, a thera-
pist is absolutely essential. For most of us,
strong connections to a support network
is required. Some folks have medication as
part of their toolkit. Others rely on regular
exercise, spending time with friends or
family, cuddling with their pet, watching
their favorite Netflix shows, and not check-
ing their email from home.
Building a toolkit doesn’t mean you
won’t have bad days, but your bad days
will be a lot less likely to turn into bad
weeks, months, or years. Resilience, not
perfection, is the goal—and resilience is
about how you bounce back, not whether
you stumble.
Be kind to yourself. Value your mental
health. Set the boundaries you need. Try
out some new habits. Or, you know, take
a day off from holding perfectly to your
habits. And if you’re struggling, maybe try
reaching out to a friend, mentor, or your
campus mental health office.
— Chrissy
Have You Read?
Three Tips for Giving a Great Talk
» Tip No. 1: Find a central focus
» Tip No. 2: Get the details right
» Tip No. 3: Present clearly
Read the full article in Science: https://doi.
org/ 10.1126/science.caredit.aax7352
Have you read the latest issue of Oceanography Student News?
Each newsletter includes a regular column by the student
representative to the TOS Council, profiles of TOS student members,
information about student activities related to TOS-sponsored
meetings, and links to relevant student resources and articles
in Oceanography magazine. Feel free to forward the links to the
newsletters to other students, or print out a copy and post it on your
department bulletin board. Any questions? Email TOS Student Rep
Chrissy Hernández at studentrep@tos.org.