Oceanography | March 2015
86
6–12 hours at surface to
transmit data to satellite
Descent to depth – 6 hours
1,000 m – drift approx. 9 days
Float descends
to begin profile
from a greater
depth – 2,000 m
Temperature
and salinity
profile recorded
during ascent –
6 hours
Total cycle
time – 10 days
1%
Land: 15,662
Rivers: 1.25 ± 0.1 Sv
97%
Oceans: 1,335,040
0.001%
Atmosphere: 12.7
85%
Evaporation
13.0 ± 1.3 Sv
15%
Evaporation
~ 2.7 Sv
77%
Precipitation
12.2 ± 1.2 Sv
23%
Precipitation
~ 3.5 Sv
2%
Ice (Land & Ocean): 25,540
66
Special Issue on the Salinity Processes in the
Upper-ocean Regional Study
14
SPURS: Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study—
The North Atlantic Experiment
By E. Lindstrom, F. Bryan, and R. Schmitt
20
Ocean Salinity and the Global Water Cycle
By P.J. Durack
32
Differences Among Subtropical Surface Salinity Patterns
By A.L. Gordon, C.F. Giulivi, J. Busecke, and F.M. Bingham
40
A River of Salt
By R.W. Schmitt and A. Blair
46
Data Management Support for the SPURS Atlantic Field Campaign
By F.M. Bingham, P. Li, Z. Li, Q. Vu, and Y. Chao
56
Salinity and Temperature Balances at the SPURS Central Mooring
During Fall and Winter
By J.T. Farrar, L. Rainville, A.J. Plueddemann, W.S. Kessler, C. Lee, B.A. Hodges,
R.W. Schmitt, J.B. Edson, S.C. Riser, C.C. Eriksen, and D.M. Fratantoni
66
Variability in Near-Surface Salinity from Hours to Decades in the Eastern
North Atlantic: The SPURS Region
By S.C. Riser, J. Anderson, A. Shcherbina, and E. D’Asaro
78
Mixed-Layer Salinity Budget in the SPURS Region on Seasonal to
Interannual Time Scales
By S. Dong, G. Goni, and R. Lumpkin
86
The Freshwater Balance Over the North Atlantic SPURS Domain from
Aquarius Satellite Salinity, OSCAR Satellite Surface Currents, and
Some Simplified Approaches
By K. Dohan, H.-Y. Kao, and G.S.E. Lagerloef
96
Sea Surface Salinity Observations with Lagrangian Drifters in the Tropical
North Atlantic During SPURS: Circulation, Fluxes, and Comparisons with
Remotely Sensed Salinity from Aquarius
By L.R. Centurioni, V. Hormann, Y. Chao, G. Reverdin, J. Font, and D.-K. Lee
106 Variability and Interleaving of Upper-Ocean Water Masses Surrounding
the North Atlantic Salinity Maximum
By A.Y. Shcherbina, E.A. D’Asaro, S.C. Riser, and W.S. Kessler
114 Surface Salinity in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre During the STRASSE/
SPURS Summer 2012 Cruise
By G. Reverdin, S. Morisset, L. Marié, D. Bourras, G. Sutherland, B. Ward,
J. Salvador, J. Font, Y. Cuypers, L. Centurioni, V. Hormann, N. Koldziejczyk,
J. Boutin, F. D’Ovidio, F. Nencioli, N. Martin, D. Diverres, G. Alory, and R. Lumpkin
contents
VO L . 2 8 , N O.1 , M A R C H 2 0 1 5
Oceanography
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Oceanography | March 2015