Oceanography | March 2016
Editor
Ellen S. Kappel
Geosciences Professional Services Inc.
5610 Gloster Road
Bethesda, MD 20816 USA
t: (1) 301-229-2709
ekappel@geo-prose.com
Contributing Writer
Cheryl Lyn Dybas
cheryl.lyn.dybas@gmail.com
Oceanography
W W W.TO S .O R G /O C E A N O G R A P H Y
Oceanography (ISSN 1042-8275) is published by The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931,
Rockville, MD, 20849-1931 USA. ©2016 The Oceanography Society Inc. All rights
reserved. Permission is granted for individuals to copy articles from this magazine for
personal use in teaching and research, and to use figures, tables, and short quotes from
the magazine for republication in scientific books and journals. There is no charge for
any of these uses, but the material must be cited appropriately.
Republication, systemic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any material in
Oceanography is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society.
Please contact Jennifer Ramarui at info@tos.org.
Gregg J. Brunskill
84 Alligator Creek Road
Alligator Creek, Queensland 4816
Australia
g.brunskill@aims.gov.au
Margaret L. (Peggy) Delaney
Professor of Ocean Sciences
Ocean Sciences Department
University of California, Santa Cruz
1156 High Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
t: (1) 831-459-4736
f: (1) 831-459-4882
delaney@ucsc.edu
Charles H. Greene
Director
Ocean Resources & Ecosystems
Program
Department of Earth & Atmospheric
Sciences
Cornell University
2130 Snee Hall
Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 USA
t: (1) 607-255-5449
f: (1) 607-254-4780
chg2@cornell.edu
Kiyoshi Suyehiro
Principal Scientist
Laboratory of Ocean-Earth Life
Evolution Research
JAMSTEC
Tokyo, Japan
t: (81) 45-778-5800
suyehiro@jamstec.go.jp
James Syvitski
Executive Director of CSDMS
INSTAAR
University of Colorado-Boulder
1560 30th Street, Campus Box 450
Boulder, CO 80309-0450 USA
t: (1) 303-492-7909
f: (1) 303-492-3287
james.syvitski@colorado.edu
Peter Wadhams
Department of Applied Mathematics
and Theoretical Physics
University of Cambridge
Centre for Mathematical Sciences
Wilberforce Road
Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
t: (44) 1223-760372
p.wadhams@damtp.cam.ac.uk
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Johanna Adams
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Assistant Editor
Vicky Cullen
PO Box 687
West Falmouth, MA 02574 USA
t: (1) 508-548-1027
f: (1) 508-548-2759
vcullen@whoi.edu
Associate Editors
THE
OCEANOGRAPHY
SOCIETY
P.O. Box 1931
Rockville, MD 20849-1931 USA
t: (1) 301-251-7708; f: (1) 301-251-7709
www.tos.org
The Oceanography Society was founded in 1988
to disseminate knowledge of oceanography and
its application through research and education, to
promote communication among oceanographers,
and to provide a constituency for consensus-
building across all the disciplines of the field.
OFFICERS
Susan Lozier, President
Alan Mix, President-Elect
Mark Abbott, Past-President
Susan Cook, Secretary
Susan Banahan, Treasurer
COUNCILLORS
William Balch
Kristen Buck
Richard Murray
Lee Karp-Boss
Stefanie Mack
John Largier
Dennis McGillicuddy
Julie Pullen
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Jennifer Ramarui
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Oceanography | March 2016