Oceanography | September 2020
CONTACT US
The Oceanography Society
1 Research Court, Suite 450
Rockville, MD 20850 USA
t: (1) 301-251-7708
f: (1) 301-251-7709
info@tos.org
HAVE YOU MOVED?
Send changes of address to info@tos.org
or go to https://tosmc.memberclicks.net,
click on Login, and update your profile.
ADVERTISING INFO
Please send advertising inquiries to info@tos.org
or go to https://tos.org/oceanography/advertise.
CORRECTIONS
Please send corrections to magazine@tos.org.
Corrections will be printed in the next issue
of Oceanography.
contents
VOL. 33, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 2020
REGULAR ISSUE FEATURES
26
A Review of Secchi’s Contribution to Marine Optics and the Foundation
of Secchi Disk Science
By J. Pitarch
38
Life in Internal Waves
By J.C. Garwood, R.C. Musgrave, and A.J. Lucas
BREAKING WAVES
50
Advancing Ocean Observation with an AI-Driven Mobile Robotic Explorer
By A. Saad, A. Stahl, A. Våge, E. Davies, T. Nordam, N. Aberle, M. Ludvigsen, G. Johnsen,
J. Sousa, and K. Rajan
ROGER REVELLE COMMEMORATIVE LECTURE
60
The Story of Plastic Pollution: From the Distant Ocean Gyres to the
Global Policy Stage
By C.M. Rochman
DEPARTMENTS
03
QUARTERDECK. Reflections
By E.S. Kappel
04
FROM THE PRESIDENT. Ocean Sciences During the Fall Season:
The End and the Beginning
By M. Visbeck
05
RIPPLE MARKS. Turn Off the Lights: Artificial Light at Night, a New Threat to
Beleaguered Coral Reefs
By C.L. Dybas
08
COMMENTARY. Equity and Safety in Polar Oceanography? Let’s Start with
Equal Chances of Survival. Literally.
By A. Glüder
10
COMMENTARY. Maury for Modern Times: Navigating a Racist Legacy in
Ocean Science
By P.K. Hardy and H.M. Rozwadowski
16
COMMENTARY. Integrating Oceanographic Research into High School
Curricula: Achieving Broader Impacts Through Systems Education
Experiences Modules
By M.V. Orellana, C. Ludwig, A.W. Thompson, and N.S. Baliga
21
COMMENTARY. Lessons Learned from Running a Conference in the Time of
COVID-19 and the Silver Linings of Shifting to Online
By H.E. Power, M.S.S. Broadfoot, A. Burke, P.M. Donaldson, R.M. Hart, K.C. Mollison,
D.J. Schmidt, and S.M. Young
71
HANDS-ON OCEANOGRAPHY. Sound and the Seafloor: Determining
Bathymetry Using Student-Built Acoustic Sensors
By R. Levine, S. Seroy, and D. Grünbaum
78
THE OCEANOGRAPHY CLASSROOM. A Viral Shift in Higher Education?
By S. Boxall
50
Oceanography | September 2020
ON THE COVER
Onshore-moving nonlinear internal waves in
the waters off La Jolla, California, concentrate
bands of the motile, bioluminescent dinoflagel-
late Lingulodinium polyedra. For more on how
horizontal drift and vertical swimming in inter-
nal waves modulate plankton's immediate envi-
ronment, see Garwood et al., in this issue. Photo
credit: Eddie Kisfaludy/SciFly