Oceanography | December 2022
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
4000
4000
4000
120°W
60°W
0°
60°E
120°E
180°
7 0oN
7 5oN
8 0oN
8 5oN
Surface water sampling
MoRIS samplers
Transpolar Drift currents
Surface currents
Beaufort
Sea
Laptev
Sea
Kara
Sea
Chukchi
Sea
Barents
Sea
East
Siberian
Sea
Lena
River
Kolyma
River
Yenisey
River
Ob’
River
Mackenzie
River
AO+
AO-
Transpolar
Drift
contents
VOL. 35, NO. 3–4, DECEMBER 2022
SPECIAL ISSUE ON
THE NEW ARCTIC OCEAN
06
FROM THE GUEST EDITORS. Introduction to the Special Issue
By T. Weingartner, C. Ashjian, L. Brigham, T. Haine, L. Mack, D. Perovich, and B. Rabe
10
An Updated Assessment of the Changing Arctic Sea Ice Cover
By W.N. Meier and J. Stroeve
20
A Review of Arctic Sea Ice Climate Predictability in Large-Scale Earth
System Models
By M.M. Holland and E.C. Hunke
28
Observing Arctic Sea Ice
By M.A. Webster, I. Rigor, and N.C. Wright
38
SIDEBAR. The ICESat-2 Mission and Polar Sea Ice
By R. Kwok
40
SIDEBAR. Ice Mass Balance Buoys
By D. Perovich
42
Eddies and the Distribution of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean
By W.-J. von Appen, T.M. Baumann, M. Janout, N. Koldunov, Y.-D. Lenn, R.S. Pickart,
R.B. Scott, and Q. Wang
52
Arctic Ocean Water Mass Structure and Circulation
By B. Rudels and E. Carmack
66
Turbulent Mixing in a Changing Arctic Ocean
By T.P. Rippeth and E.C. Fine
76
Air-Ice-Ocean Interactions and the Delay of Autumn Freeze-Up in the
Western Arctic Ocean
By J. Thomson, M. Smith, K. Drushka, and C. Lee
88
SIDEBAR. The Arctic Radium Isotope Observing Network (ARION):
Tracking Climate- Driven Changes in Arctic Ocean Chemistry
By L. Kipp and M. Charette
90
SIDEBAR. Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System (NABOS):
Contributing to Understanding Changes in the Arctic
By A.V. Pnyushkov and I.V. Polyakov
94
Arctic Ocean Boundary Exchanges: A Review
By S. Bacon, A.C. Naveira Garabato, Y. Aksenov, N.J. Brown, and T. Tsubouchi
94
88
10
52
Oceanography | December 2022