March 2019

Special Issue on Scientific Ocean Drilling: Looking to the Future

Oceanography | March 2019

Oceanography

THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY

VOL.32, NO.1, MARCH 2019

SPECIAL ISSUE ON

SCIENTIFIC OCEAN DRILLING

Looking to the Future

Oceanography | Vol.32, No.1

Oceanography | March 2019

Ross Sea

Prydz Bay

Wilkes Land

Antarctic

Peninsula

Weddell

Sea

Adélie

Land

Amundsen

Sea

PB - ODP

Legs 119 & 188

WL - IODP

Exp. 318

WL - DSDP

Leg 28

RS -DSDP

Leg 28

RS - IODP

Exp. 374

WS - ODP

Leg 113

AP - ODP

eg 178

BS - DSDP

Leg 35

AS - MeBo

AP

Shaldril

CIROS/CRP/ANDRILL

contents

VOL. 32, NO. 1, MARCH 2019

INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS

13

Foreword

By A.E. Maxwell and M. Leinen

14

FROM THE GUEST EDITORS. Introduction to the Special Issue on

Scientific Ocean Drilling: Looking to the Future

By A.A.P. Koppers, C. Escutia, F. Inagaki, H. Pälike, D.M. Saffer, and D. Thomas

16

Spotlight 1. Glomar Challenger

By M. Malone and B. Clement

17

Fifty Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling

By K. Becker, J.A. Austin Jr., N. Exon, S. Humphris, M. Kastner, J.A. McKenzie,

K.G. Miller, K. Suyehiro, and A. Taira

22

In Memoriam: Walter Munk (1917–2019) and Gustaf Arrhenius

(1922–2019)

By H. Given and R. Monroe

24

Spotlight 2. Scientific Ocean Drilling, A Truly International Program

By N. Exon

25

Spotlight 3. A History of Science Plans

By A.A.P. Koppers and J.A. Austin Jr.

THEME 1. CLIMATE AND OCEAN CHANGE

26

Introduction to Theme 1

By D. Thomas

28

Reading All the Pages in the Book on Climate History

By T. Moore and J. Backman

31

Spotlight 4. JOIDES Resolution

By M. Malone and B. Clement

32

Keeping an Eye on Antarctic Ice Shelf Stability

By C. Escutia, R.M. DeConto, R. Dunbar, L. De Santis, A. Shevenell, and T. Naish

47

Spotlight 5. The New IODP Advisory Structure

By A.A.P. Koppers and J.A. Austin Jr.

48

Blowing in the Monsoon Wind

By P. Wang, S.C. Clemens, R. Tada, and R.W. Murray

60

Finding Dry Spells in Ocean Sediments

By S.J. Gallagher and P.B. deMenocal

64

Gauging Quaternary Sea Level Changes Through Scientific Ocean Drilling

By Y. Yokoyama, A. Purcell, and T. Ishiwa

72

Astronomical Time Keeping of Earth History: An Invaluable Contribution

of Scientific Ocean Drilling

By K. Littler, T. Westerhold, A.J. Drury, D. Liebrand, L. Lisiecki, and H. Pälike

77

Spotlight 6. Future Opportunities in Scientific Ocean Drilling:

Climate and Ocean Change

By D. Thomas

Special Issue On

Scientific Ocean Drilling: Looking to the Future

17

64

24

32

Oceanography | March 2019

Oceanography | Vol.32, No.1

C0002G

C0010A

C0001

C0004

Ɛ

Ɛ

Kumano Basin Sediments

Inner Accretionary Prism

Megasplay Fault

Accretionary Prism

Subducting Sediment

Décollement

Igneous Ocean Crust

SPECIAL ISSUE SPONSORS

• IODP United States Science Support

Program (USSSP)

• IODP Japan Drilling Earth Science

Consortium (J-DESC)

• IODP European Consortium for Ocean

Research Drilling (ECORD)

• Australian and New Zealand IODP

Consortium (ANZIC)

• James A. Austin Jr. (University of Texas

Institute for Geophysics)

SPECIAL ISSUE GUEST EDITORS

• ANTHONY A.P. KOPPERS

College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric

Sciences, Oregon State University, USA

• CARLOTA ESCUTIA

Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra,

Universidad de Granada, Spain

• FUMIO INAGAKI

Research and Development Center for

Ocean Drilling Science, Japan Agency for

Marine-Earth Science and Technology

• HEIKO PÄLIKE

MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental

Sciences, Universität Bremen, Germany

• DEMIAN M. SAFFER

Department of Geosciences,

The Pennsylvania State University, USA

• DEBBIE THOMAS

Department of Oceanography, College of

Geosciences, Texas A&M University, USA

THEME 2. PROBING THE DYNAMIC EARTH

AND ASSESSING GEOHAZARDS

78

Introduction to Theme 2

By D.M. Saffer

80

Processes Governing Giant Subduction Earthquakes: IODP Drilling to

Sample and Instrument Subduction Zone Megathrusts

By H.J. Tobin, G. Kimura, and S. Kodaira

94

Spotlight 7. D/V Chikyu

By S. Kuramoto, N. Eguchi, and S. Toczko

95

Riser Drilling: Access to Deep Subseafloor Science

By Y. Yamada, B. Dugan, T. Hirose, and S. Saito

98

Listening Down the Pipe

By E.A. Solomon, K. Becker, A.J. Kopf, and E.E. Davis

102 Tōhoku-oki Fault Zone Frictional Heat Measured During IODP

Expeditions 343 and 343T

By P.M. Fulton, E. Brodsky, J.J. Mori, and F.M. Chester

105 Spotlight 8. Regional Science Planning

By A.A.P. Koppers and Clive R. Neal

106 Slow Motion Earthquakes: Taking the Pulse of Slow Slip with

Scientific Ocean Drilling

By L.M. Wallace, M.J. Ikari, D.M. Saffer, and H. Kitajima

119 Spotlight 9. Published Scientific Ocean Drilling Results

By B. Clement and M. Malone

120 Ocean Drilling Perspectives on Meteorite Impacts

By C.M. Lowery, J.V. Morgan, S.P.S. Gulick, T.J. Bralower, G.L. Christeson,

and the Expedition 364 Scientists

135 Spotlight 10. Future Opportunities in Scientific Ocean Drilling:

Natural Hazards

By H.J. Tobin and D.M. Saffer

THEME 3. A WINDOW INTO EARTH’S CRUST AND MANTLE

136 Introduction to Theme 3

By A.A.P. Koppers

138 What Lies Beneath: The Formation and Evolution of Oceanic Lithosphere

By K. Michibayashi, M. Tominaga, B. Ildefonse, and D.A.H. Teagle

150 When Hotspots Move: The New View of Mantle Dynamics Made Possible

by Scientific Ocean Drilling

By J.A. Tarduno and A.A.P. Koppers

153 Starting a New Ocean and Stopping It

By C.-F. Li, P.D. Clift, Z. Sun, and H.C. Larsen

ON THE COVER

Looking to the Future: A sample

of the next generation of ocean

drilling scientists. See p. 244 for

the full captions and credits.

106

106

138

Oceanography | Vol.32, No.1

Oceanography | March 2019

157 Scientific Drilling Across the Shoreline

By S.P.S. Gulick, K. Miller, P. Kelemen, J. Morgan, J.-N. Proust, and E. Takazawa

160 How to Create New Subduction Zones: A Global Perspective

By R.J. Arculus, M. Gurnis, O. Ishizuka, M.K. Reagan, J.A. Pearce, and R. Sutherland

175 Spotlight 11. Mission-Specific Platforms

By D. McInroy and G. Camoin

176 Contributions of Scientific Ocean Drilling to Understanding the Emplacement

of Submarine Large Igneous Provinces and Their Effects on the Environment

By C.R. Neal, M.F. Coffin, and W.W. Sager

193 Spotlight 12. Future Opportunities in Scientific Ocean Drilling: Deep Earth

By A.A.P. Koppers

194 Spotlight 13. Reaching Out and Preparing the Next Generation

By C. Brenner, N. Eguchi, and A. Morris

THEME 4. MICROBIAL LIFE DEEP BENEATH THE SEAFLOOR

196 Introduction to Theme 4

By F. Inagaki

198 IODP Advances in the Understanding of Subseafloor Life

By S. D’Hondt, F. Inagaki, B.N. Orcutt, and K.-U. Hinrichs

208 The Limits of Life and the Biosphere in Earth’s Interior

By V.B. Heuer, M.A. Lever, Y. Morono, and A. Teske

212 Future Opportunities in Scientific Ocean Drilling: Illuminating

Planetary Habitability

By F. Inagaki and A. Taira

217 Spotlight 14. Gender Balance in Scientific Ocean Drilling

By A.A.P. Koppers, A. Klaus, and H. Given

CONCLUSION

218 Quo Vadis: Look to the Future

By A.A.P. Koppers, C. Escutia, F. Inagaki, H. Pälike, D.M. Saffer, and D. Thomas

REGULAR ISSUE FEATURE

220 Atlantic Warming Since the Little Ice Age

By G. Gebbie

DEPARTMENTS

05

QUARTERDECK. We Are Family

By E.S. Kappel

07

FROM THE PRESIDENT. The Oceanography Society in 2030—

What is Our Joint Ambition?

By M. Visbeck

09

TRIBUTE. Wallace S. Broecker, 1931–2019

By A.C. Mix

10

RIPPLE MARKS. A New Wave: Science and Art Meet in the Sea

By C.L. Dybas

231 HANDS-ON OCEANOGRAPHY. Forces in an Estuary: Tides, Freshwater,

and Friction

By D. Fugate and F. Jose

237 THE OCEANOGRAPHY CLASSROOM. Dr. No (or Yes?)

By S. Boxall

239 CAREER PROFILES. Courtney Schmidt, Staff Scientist, Narragansett Bay

Estuary Program • Lisa Munger, Independent Contractor and Research

Affiliate/Lecturer at University of Oregon

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CORRECTIONS

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of Oceanography.

Oceanography | March 2019

198

220

Oceanography | Vol.32, No.1

EDITOR

Ellen S. Kappel

Geosciences Professional

Services Inc.

5610 Gloster Road

Bethesda, MD 20816 USA

t: (1) 301-229-2709

ekappel@geo-prose.com

ASSISTANT EDITOR

Vicky Cullen

PO Box 687

West Falmouth, MA 02574 USA

t: (1) 508-548-1027

vcullen@whoi.edu

CONTRIBUTING WRITER

Cheryl Lyn Dybas

cheryl.lyn.dybas@gmail.com

DESIGN/PRODUCTION

Johanna Adams

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Oceanography

https://tos.org/oceanography

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University of South Carolina

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University of California, Santa Cruz

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Philip N. Froelich

Duke University

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Charles H. Greene

Cornell University

chg2@cornell.edu

William Smyth

Oregon State University

smyth@coas.oregonstate.edu

Kiyoshi Suyehiro

Yokohama Institute for Earth

Sciences, JAMSTEC

suyehiro@jamstec.go.jp

Peter Wadhams

University of Cambridge

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