Oceanography | March 2019
Oceanography
THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
VOL.32, NO.1, MARCH 2019
SPECIAL ISSUE ON
SCIENTIFIC OCEAN DRILLING
Looking to the Future
Oceanography | Vol.32, No.1
Oceanography | March 2019
Ross Sea
Prydz Bay
Wilkes Land
Antarctic
Peninsula
Weddell
Sea
Adélie
Land
Amundsen
Sea
PB - ODP
Legs 119 & 188
WL - IODP
Exp. 318
WL - DSDP
Leg 28
RS -DSDP
Leg 28
RS - IODP
Exp. 374
WS - ODP
Leg 113
AP - ODP
eg 178
BS - DSDP
Leg 35
AS - MeBo
AP
Shaldril
CIROS/CRP/ANDRILL
contents
VOL. 32, NO. 1, MARCH 2019
INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS
13
Foreword
By A.E. Maxwell and M. Leinen
14
FROM THE GUEST EDITORS. Introduction to the Special Issue on
Scientific Ocean Drilling: Looking to the Future
By A.A.P. Koppers, C. Escutia, F. Inagaki, H. Pälike, D.M. Saffer, and D. Thomas
16
Spotlight 1. Glomar Challenger
By M. Malone and B. Clement
17
Fifty Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
By K. Becker, J.A. Austin Jr., N. Exon, S. Humphris, M. Kastner, J.A. McKenzie,
K.G. Miller, K. Suyehiro, and A. Taira
22
In Memoriam: Walter Munk (1917–2019) and Gustaf Arrhenius
(1922–2019)
By H. Given and R. Monroe
24
Spotlight 2. Scientific Ocean Drilling, A Truly International Program
By N. Exon
25
Spotlight 3. A History of Science Plans
By A.A.P. Koppers and J.A. Austin Jr.
THEME 1. CLIMATE AND OCEAN CHANGE
26
Introduction to Theme 1
By D. Thomas
28
Reading All the Pages in the Book on Climate History
By T. Moore and J. Backman
31
Spotlight 4. JOIDES Resolution
By M. Malone and B. Clement
32
Keeping an Eye on Antarctic Ice Shelf Stability
By C. Escutia, R.M. DeConto, R. Dunbar, L. De Santis, A. Shevenell, and T. Naish
47
Spotlight 5. The New IODP Advisory Structure
By A.A.P. Koppers and J.A. Austin Jr.
48
Blowing in the Monsoon Wind
By P. Wang, S.C. Clemens, R. Tada, and R.W. Murray
60
Finding Dry Spells in Ocean Sediments
By S.J. Gallagher and P.B. deMenocal
64
Gauging Quaternary Sea Level Changes Through Scientific Ocean Drilling
By Y. Yokoyama, A. Purcell, and T. Ishiwa
72
Astronomical Time Keeping of Earth History: An Invaluable Contribution
of Scientific Ocean Drilling
By K. Littler, T. Westerhold, A.J. Drury, D. Liebrand, L. Lisiecki, and H. Pälike
77
Spotlight 6. Future Opportunities in Scientific Ocean Drilling:
Climate and Ocean Change
By D. Thomas
Special Issue On
Scientific Ocean Drilling: Looking to the Future
17
64
24
32
Oceanography | March 2019
Oceanography | Vol.32, No.1
C0002G
C0010A
C0001
C0004
Ɛ
Ɛ
Kumano Basin Sediments
Inner Accretionary Prism
Megasplay Fault
Accretionary Prism
Subducting Sediment
Décollement
Igneous Ocean Crust
SPECIAL ISSUE SPONSORS
• IODP United States Science Support
Program (USSSP)
• IODP Japan Drilling Earth Science
Consortium (J-DESC)
• IODP European Consortium for Ocean
Research Drilling (ECORD)
• Australian and New Zealand IODP
Consortium (ANZIC)
• James A. Austin Jr. (University of Texas
Institute for Geophysics)
SPECIAL ISSUE GUEST EDITORS
• ANTHONY A.P. KOPPERS
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric
Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
• CARLOTA ESCUTIA
Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra,
Universidad de Granada, Spain
• FUMIO INAGAKI
Research and Development Center for
Ocean Drilling Science, Japan Agency for
Marine-Earth Science and Technology
• HEIKO PÄLIKE
MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental
Sciences, Universität Bremen, Germany
• DEMIAN M. SAFFER
Department of Geosciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, USA
• DEBBIE THOMAS
Department of Oceanography, College of
Geosciences, Texas A&M University, USA
THEME 2. PROBING THE DYNAMIC EARTH
AND ASSESSING GEOHAZARDS
78
Introduction to Theme 2
By D.M. Saffer
80
Processes Governing Giant Subduction Earthquakes: IODP Drilling to
Sample and Instrument Subduction Zone Megathrusts
By H.J. Tobin, G. Kimura, and S. Kodaira
94
Spotlight 7. D/V Chikyu
By S. Kuramoto, N. Eguchi, and S. Toczko
95
Riser Drilling: Access to Deep Subseafloor Science
By Y. Yamada, B. Dugan, T. Hirose, and S. Saito
98
Listening Down the Pipe
By E.A. Solomon, K. Becker, A.J. Kopf, and E.E. Davis
102 Tōhoku-oki Fault Zone Frictional Heat Measured During IODP
Expeditions 343 and 343T
By P.M. Fulton, E. Brodsky, J.J. Mori, and F.M. Chester
105 Spotlight 8. Regional Science Planning
By A.A.P. Koppers and Clive R. Neal
106 Slow Motion Earthquakes: Taking the Pulse of Slow Slip with
Scientific Ocean Drilling
By L.M. Wallace, M.J. Ikari, D.M. Saffer, and H. Kitajima
119 Spotlight 9. Published Scientific Ocean Drilling Results
By B. Clement and M. Malone
120 Ocean Drilling Perspectives on Meteorite Impacts
By C.M. Lowery, J.V. Morgan, S.P.S. Gulick, T.J. Bralower, G.L. Christeson,
and the Expedition 364 Scientists
135 Spotlight 10. Future Opportunities in Scientific Ocean Drilling:
Natural Hazards
By H.J. Tobin and D.M. Saffer
THEME 3. A WINDOW INTO EARTH’S CRUST AND MANTLE
136 Introduction to Theme 3
By A.A.P. Koppers
138 What Lies Beneath: The Formation and Evolution of Oceanic Lithosphere
By K. Michibayashi, M. Tominaga, B. Ildefonse, and D.A.H. Teagle
150 When Hotspots Move: The New View of Mantle Dynamics Made Possible
by Scientific Ocean Drilling
By J.A. Tarduno and A.A.P. Koppers
153 Starting a New Ocean and Stopping It
By C.-F. Li, P.D. Clift, Z. Sun, and H.C. Larsen
ON THE COVER
Looking to the Future: A sample
of the next generation of ocean
drilling scientists. See p. 244 for
the full captions and credits.
106
106
138
Oceanography | Vol.32, No.1
Oceanography | March 2019
157 Scientific Drilling Across the Shoreline
By S.P.S. Gulick, K. Miller, P. Kelemen, J. Morgan, J.-N. Proust, and E. Takazawa
160 How to Create New Subduction Zones: A Global Perspective
By R.J. Arculus, M. Gurnis, O. Ishizuka, M.K. Reagan, J.A. Pearce, and R. Sutherland
175 Spotlight 11. Mission-Specific Platforms
By D. McInroy and G. Camoin
176 Contributions of Scientific Ocean Drilling to Understanding the Emplacement
of Submarine Large Igneous Provinces and Their Effects on the Environment
By C.R. Neal, M.F. Coffin, and W.W. Sager
193 Spotlight 12. Future Opportunities in Scientific Ocean Drilling: Deep Earth
By A.A.P. Koppers
194 Spotlight 13. Reaching Out and Preparing the Next Generation
By C. Brenner, N. Eguchi, and A. Morris
THEME 4. MICROBIAL LIFE DEEP BENEATH THE SEAFLOOR
196 Introduction to Theme 4
By F. Inagaki
198 IODP Advances in the Understanding of Subseafloor Life
By S. D’Hondt, F. Inagaki, B.N. Orcutt, and K.-U. Hinrichs
208 The Limits of Life and the Biosphere in Earth’s Interior
By V.B. Heuer, M.A. Lever, Y. Morono, and A. Teske
212 Future Opportunities in Scientific Ocean Drilling: Illuminating
Planetary Habitability
By F. Inagaki and A. Taira
217 Spotlight 14. Gender Balance in Scientific Ocean Drilling
By A.A.P. Koppers, A. Klaus, and H. Given
CONCLUSION
218 Quo Vadis: Look to the Future
By A.A.P. Koppers, C. Escutia, F. Inagaki, H. Pälike, D.M. Saffer, and D. Thomas
REGULAR ISSUE FEATURE
220 Atlantic Warming Since the Little Ice Age
By G. Gebbie
DEPARTMENTS
05
QUARTERDECK. We Are Family
By E.S. Kappel
07
FROM THE PRESIDENT. The Oceanography Society in 2030—
What is Our Joint Ambition?
By M. Visbeck
09
TRIBUTE. Wallace S. Broecker, 1931–2019
By A.C. Mix
10
RIPPLE MARKS. A New Wave: Science and Art Meet in the Sea
By C.L. Dybas
231 HANDS-ON OCEANOGRAPHY. Forces in an Estuary: Tides, Freshwater,
and Friction
By D. Fugate and F. Jose
237 THE OCEANOGRAPHY CLASSROOM. Dr. No (or Yes?)
By S. Boxall
239 CAREER PROFILES. Courtney Schmidt, Staff Scientist, Narragansett Bay
Estuary Program • Lisa Munger, Independent Contractor and Research
Affiliate/Lecturer at University of Oregon
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Oceanography | March 2019
198
220
Oceanography | Vol.32, No.1
EDITOR
Ellen S. Kappel
Geosciences Professional
Services Inc.
5610 Gloster Road
Bethesda, MD 20816 USA
t: (1) 301-229-2709
ekappel@geo-prose.com
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Vicky Cullen
PO Box 687
West Falmouth, MA 02574 USA
t: (1) 508-548-1027
vcullen@whoi.edu
CONTRIBUTING WRITER
Cheryl Lyn Dybas
cheryl.lyn.dybas@gmail.com
DESIGN/PRODUCTION
Johanna Adams
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Oceanography
https://tos.org/oceanography
Oceanography contains peer-reviewed articles that chronicle all aspects of
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University of South Carolina
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University of California, Santa Cruz
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Philip N. Froelich
Duke University
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Cornell University
chg2@cornell.edu
William Smyth
Oregon State University
smyth@coas.oregonstate.edu
Kiyoshi Suyehiro
Yokohama Institute for Earth
Sciences, JAMSTEC
suyehiro@jamstec.go.jp
Peter Wadhams
University of Cambridge
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