March 2023

New Frontiers in Ocean Exploration: The Ocean Exploration Trust 2022 Field Season

KONGSBERG EM 302 MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER

The EM 302 is a hull-mounted 30-kilohertz multibeam echo-

sounder composed of two long transducer arrays mounted

in a T-shape on the hull of E/V Nautilus. The EM 302 can map

the seafloor in water depths from 10 to 7,000 meters (33 to

22,965 feet) at ship speeds up to 12 knots.

FREQUENCY. 30 kilohertz

DEPTH RANGE. 10–7,000 meters (33–22,966 feet)

PULSE FORMS. CW and FM chirp

ANGULAR RESOLUTION. 1° × 1°

APPROXIMATE SWATH WIDTH. 3–5 times water depth,

up to 8 kilometers (5 miles)

SOUNDINGS PER SWATH. Up to 423 in single swath mode,

864 in dual swath mode

APPROXIMATE GRID RESOLUTION. 1%–5% water depth

(e.g., 10–50 meters [33–164 feet] at 1,000 meters

[3,281 feet] depth)

KNUDSEN 3260 SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER

AND ECHOSOUNDER

The Knudsen 3260 is a sub-bottom echosounder mounted

inside the hull of E/V Nautilus. It operates at low frequencies

(3.5 and 15 kilohertz) so that emitted sound can penetrate

layers of sediment to about 100 meters below the surface.

OPERATING FREQUENCY. Dual frequency, 3.5 and

15 kilohertz

POWER. 4 kW on Channel 1 and up to 2 kW on Channel 2

RANGE. 50–5,000 meters (164–16,404 feet)

KONGSBERG SIMRAD EC150-3C TRANSDUCER

The Kongsberg Simrad EC150-3C 150 kilohertz is a hull-

mounted transducer that combines an acoustic Doppler

current profiler (ADCP) and an EK80 split-beam fisheries

sonar into one instrument. The ADCP measures the speed

and direction of currents underneath the ship, whereas the

split-beam echosounder maps features found within the

water column.

FREQUENCY. 150 kilohertz (130-170 kilohertz range)

DEPTH RANGE. <400 meters (1,312 feet)

BEAMWIDTH. 3° at 150 kilohertz

PULSE FORMS. CW or FM

ADCP NUMBER OF BEAMS. 4

ADCP DEPTH BIN CELL SIZE. 2-16 meters (6.5-52.5 feet)

ULTRA-SHORT BASELINE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

SYSTEM. Sonardyne Ranger 2 with Lodestar

GyroUSBL transceiver deployed from the moonpool

for USBL tracking

DEPTH RANGE. Up to 7,000 meters (22,966 feet)

POSITIONING ACCURACY. 0.5% of slant range

OPERATIONAL COVERAGE. ±90°

OPERATING FREQUENCY. 19–34 kilohertz

TARGETS TRACKED. Hercules, Argus, and two additional

transponders are available. More targets can be tracked

with the addition of compatible Sonardyne transponders

ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS

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