Oceanography | Vol. 38, No. 3
50
Takano, S., W.-H. Liao, T.-Y. Ho, and Y. Sohrin. 2022. Isotopic evolution of dis-
solved Ni, Cu, and Zn along the Kuroshio through the East China Sea. Marine
Chemistry 243:104135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2022.104135.
Tian, J., Q. Yang, X. Liang, L. Xie, D. Hu, F. Wang, and T. Qu. 2006. Observation
of Luzon Strait transport. Geophysical Research Letters 33(19), https://doi.org/
10.1029/2006GL026272.
Tsuchiya, M. 1968. Upper waters of the intertropical Pacific Ocean. The Johns Hopkins
Oceanographic Studies, No. 4. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland,
50 pp.
Uchiyama, Y., Y. Suzue, and H. Yamazaki. 2017. Eddy-driven nutrient transport
and associated upper-ocean primary production along the Kuroshio. Journal
of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122(6):5,046–5,062, https://doi.org/10.1002/
2017JC012847.
Umezawa, Y., A. Yamaguchi, J. Ishizaka, T. Hasegawa, C. Yoshimizu, I. Tayasu,
H. Yoshimura, Y. Morii, T. Aoshima, and N. Yamawaki. 2014. Seasonal shifts in the
contributions of the Changjiang River and the Kuroshio Current to nitrate dynamics
in the continental shelf of the northern East China Sea based on a nitrate dual isoto-
pic composition approach. Biogeosciences 11(4):1,297–1,317, https://doi.org/10.5194/
bg-11-1297-2014.
Wang, S.-L., C.-T.A. Chen, T.-H. Huang, H.-C. Tseng, H.-K. Lui, T.-R. Peng, S. Kandasamy,
J. Zhang, L. Yang, and X. Gao. 2018. Submarine groundwater discharge helps mak-
ing nearshore waters heterotrophic. Scientific Reports 8(1):11650, https://doi.org/
10.1038/s41598-018-30056-x.
Wang, W., Z. Yu, X. Song, Z. Wu, Y. Yuan, P. Zhou, and X. Cao. 2016. The effect
of Kuroshio Current on nitrate dynamics in the southern East China Sea
revealed by nitrate isotopic composition. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Oceans 121(9):7,073–7,087, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011882.
Wei, Y., R. Ding, D. Huang, J. Xuan, H. Li, J. Zhang, X. Ma, F. Zhou, and J. Chen.
2023. The weakened upwelling at the upstream Kuroshio in the East China
Sea induced extensive sea surface warming. Geophysical Research
Letters 50(1):e2022GL101835, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101835.
Weisberg, R.H., and Y. Liu. 2025. Coordinated observing and modeling of the West
Florida Shelf with harmful algal bloom application. Pp. 72–75 in Frontiers in Ocean
Observing: Marine Protected Areas, Western Boundary Currents, and the Deep
Sea. E.S. Kappel, V. Cullen, G. Coward, I.C.A. da Silveira, C. Edwards, T. Morris,
and M. Roughan, eds, Oceanography 38(Supplement 1), https://doi.org/10.5670/
oceanog.2025e107.
Wu, C.-R., Y.-L. Wang, Y.-F. Lin, and S.-Y. Chao. 2017. Intrusion of the Kuroshio into the
South and East China Seas. Scientific Reports 7(1):7895, https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41598-017-08206-4.
Wu, C.-R., H.F. Lu, and S.Y. Chao. 2008. A numerical study on the formation of upwell-
ing off northeast Taiwan. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 113(C8),
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004697.
Yang, D., B. Yin, Z. Liu, and X. Feng. 2011. Numerical study of the ocean circulation
on the East China Sea shelf and a Kuroshio bottom branch northeast of Taiwan
in summer. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 116(C5), https://doi.org/
10.1029/2010JC006777.
Yang, K.-C., J. Wang, C.M. Lee, B. Ma, R.-C. Lien, S. Jan, Y.J. Yang, and M.-H. Chang.
2015. Two mechanisms cause dual velocity maxima in the Kuroshio east of Taiwan.
Oceanography 28(4):64–73, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.82.
Yuan, Y., A. Kaneko, J. Su, X. Zhu, Y. Liu, N. Gohda, and H. Chen. 1998. The Kuroshio
east of Taiwan and in the East China Sea and the currents east of Ryukyu Islands
during early summer of 1996. Journal of Oceanography 54:217–226, https://doi.org/
10.1007/BF02751697.
Yuan, Y., G. Liao, C. Yang, Z. Liu, H. Chen, and Z.-G. Wang. 2014. Summer Kuroshio
Intrusion through the Luzon Strait confirmed from observations and a diagnos-
tic model in summer 2009. Progress in Oceanography 121:44–59, https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.pocean.2013.10.003.
Yuan, Y., X. Zhu, and F. Zhou. 2015. Progress of studies in China from July 2010 to
May 2015 on the influence of the Kuroshio on neighboring Chinese seas and
the Ryukyu Current. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 34:1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/
s13131-015-0771-z.
Zhang, J., S. Liu, J. Ren, Y. Wu, and G. Zhang. 2007. Nutrient gradients from the
eutrophic Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary to the oligotrophic Kuroshio
waters and re-evaluation of budgets for the East China Sea Shelf. Progress in
Oceanography 74(4):449–478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2007.04.019.
Zhang, J., X. Guo, and L. Zhao. 2019. Tracing external sources of nutrients in the East
China Sea and evaluating their contributions to primary production. Progress in
Oceanography 176:102122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102122.
Zhang, Y., Z. Zhang, D. Chen, B. Qiu, and W. Wang. 2020. Strengthening of the
Kuroshio Current by intensifying tropical cyclones. Science 368(6494):988–993,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax5758.
Zhao, L., and X. Guo. 2011. Influence of cross-shelf water transport on nutrients and
phytoplankton in the East China Sea: A model study. Ocean Science 7(1):27–43,
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-27-2011.
Zheng, L.-w., and W.-d. Zhai. 2021. Excess nitrogen in the Bohai and Yellow Seas,
China: Distribution, trends, and source apportionment. Science of the Total
Environment 794:148702, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148702.
Zhou, F., H. Xue, D. Huang, J. Xuan, X. Ni, P. Xiu, and Q. Hao. 2015. Cross-shelf
exchange in the shelf of the East China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Oceans 120(3):1,545–1,572, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010567.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was sponsored by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology
(MOST 112-2611-M-110-011) and the Higher Education SPROUT Project (13C14).
AUTHORS
Ting-Hsuan Huang and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen (ctchen@mail.nsysu.edu.tw),
Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
AUTHORSHIP CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Ting-Hsuan Huang: Formal analysis; writing - original draft; visualization.
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen: Conceptualization; writing - review and editing; supervision.
DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or
personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported
in this paper.
ARTICLE CITATION
Huang, T.-H., and C.-T.A. Chen. 2025. Nutrient footprint from the origin of the
Kuroshio Current to the East China Sea continental shelf. Oceanography 38(3):40–50,
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2025.e304.
COPYRIGHT & USAGE
This is an open access article made available under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium or format as long as users cite the materials appropriately, provide a
link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that were made to
the original content.