June 2025 | Oceanography
51
REFERENCES
Ainslie, M.A., R.M. Laws, and H.Ö. Sertlek. 2019. International Airgun Modeling
Workshop: Validation of Source Signature and Sound Propagation Models.
Dublin (Ireland), July 16, 2016—Problem Description. IEEE Journal of Oceanic
Engineering 44(3):565–574, https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2019.2916956.
Ainslie, M.A., M.B. Halvorsen, and S.P. Robinson. 2021. A terminology stan
dard for underwater acoustics and the benefits of international standardiza
tion. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 47(1):179–200, https://doi.org/10.1109/
JOE.2021.3085947.
Ainslie, M.A., F.A. Bruliard, C.A.F. de Jong, J.A. Díaz, T. Folegot, M. Ghasemi,
M.B. Halvorsen, H. Slabbekoorn, J. Tougaard, and M. van der Schaar.
2024. SATURN Deliverable 2.3. SATURN Acoustical Terminology Standard,
https://www.saturnh2020.eu/resources-1/saturn-acoustical-terminology-standard.
Atkinson, L.P., T.N. Lee, J.O. Blanton, and W.S. Chandler. 1983. Climatology
of the southeastern United States continental shelf waters. Journal of
Geophysical Research: Oceans 88(C8):4,705–4,718, https://doi.org/10.1029/
JC088iC08p04705.
Behrenfeld, M.J., and P.G. Falkowski. 1997. Photosynthetic rates derived
from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration. Limnology and
Oceanography 42(1):1–20, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.1.0001.
Benoit-Bird, K.J., and G.L. Lawson. 2016. Ecological insights from pelagic hab
itats acquired using active acoustic techniques. Annual Review of Marine
Science 8(1):463–490, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034001.
Blair, H., J.L. Miksis-Olds, and J.D. Warren. 2021. Spatial variability of epi- and
mesopelagic 38 kHz backscatter from nekton and macrozooplankton across
the southeastern US shelf break. Marine Ecology Progress Series 669:33–50,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13732.
Blair, H.B. 2023. Variability, Abundance, and Composition of Acoustic and Net
Tow Measurements of Epi- and Mesopelagic Fish and Zooplankton Across
the Southeastern US Outer Continental Shelf and Slope. PhD dissertation,
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 137 pp.
Butkiewicz, T., C. Ware, I. Atkin, J. Miksis-Olds, and A. Lyons. 2021. Web-based
visualization of long-term ocean acoustic observations and modeled sound
scapes. In MTS/IEEE OCEANS 2021, September 20–29, 2021, San Diego, CA,
https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS44145.2021.9705860.
Davis, G.E., M.F. Baumgartner, P.J. Corkeron, J. Bell, C. Berchok, J.M. Bonnell,
J. Bort Thornton, S. Brault, G.A. Buchanan, D.M. Cholewiak, and others. 2020.
Exploring movement patterns and changing distributions of baleen whales in the
western North Atlantic using a decade of passive acoustic data. Global Change
Biology 26:4,812–4,840, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15191.
Hawkins, A.D., and A.N. Popper. 2017. A sound approach to assessing the impact
of underwater noise on marine fishes and invertebrates. ICES Journal of Marine
Science 74(3):635–651, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw205.
Heaney, K.D., M.A. Ainslie, J.J. Murray, A.J. Heaney, J.L. Miksis-Olds, and B. Martin.
2024. Regional soundscape modeling of the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156(1):378–390, https://doi.org/
10.1121/10.0026476.
Horne, J.K., and D.A Jacques. 2018. Determining representative ranges
of point sensors in distributed networks. Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment 190(6):1–18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6689-0.
Howe, B.M., J.L. Miksis-Olds, E. Rehm, H. Sagen, P.F. Worcester, and G. Haralabus,
2019. Observing the oceans acoustically. Frontiers in Marine Science 6:426,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00426.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization). 2017. ISO 18405:2017.
Underwater Acoustics – Terminology. Geneva, Switzerland, 51 pp.
Jensen, F.B., W.A. Kuperman, M.B. Porter, and H. Schmidt. 2011. Computational
Ocean Acoustics. Springer, New York, NY, 794 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-1-4419-8678-8.
Kiehbadroudinezhad, S., S.B. Martin, and J. Mills Flemming. 2021. Estimating minke
whale relative abundance in the North Atlantic using passive acoustic sensors.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150(5):3,569–3,580, https://doi.org/
10.1121/10.0007063.
Kowarski, K.A., S.B. Martin, E.E. Maxner, C.B. Lawrence, J.J.-Y. Delarue, and
J.L. Miksis-Olds. 2022. Cetacean acoustic occurrence on the US Atlantic Outer
Continental Shelf from 2017 to 2020. Marine Mammal Science 39(1):175–199,
https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12962.
Lee, T.N., and L.P. Atkinson. 1983. Low-frequency current and temperature vari
ability from Gulf Stream frontal eddies and atmospheric forcing along the
southeast US outer continental shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Oceans 88(C8):4,541–4,567, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC088iC08p04541.
Lee, T.N., J.A. Yoder, and L.P. Atkinson. 1991. Gulf Stream frontal eddy influence
on productivity of the southeast US continental shelf. Journal of Geophysical
Research: Oceans 96(C12):22,191–22,205, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JC02450.
Legendre, P., and M.J. Fortin. 1989. Spatial pattern and ecological analysis.
Vegetatio 80(2):107–138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048036.
Mackas, D.L., K.L. Denman, and M.R. Abbott. 1985. Plankton patchiness: Biology in
the physical vernacular. Bulletin of Marine Science 37(2):653–674.
Martin, S.B., B.J. Gaudet, H. Klinck, P.J. Dugan, J.L. Miksis-Olds, D.K. Mellinger,
D.D. Mann, O. Boebel, C.C. Wilson, D.W. Ponirakis, and H. Moors-Murphy. 2021.
Hybrid millidecade spectra: A practical format for exchange of long-term ambient
sound data. JASA Express Letters 1(1):011203, https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0003324.
Martin, S.B., M. Siderius, M.A. Ainslie, M.B. Halvorsen, L. Hatch, M.K. Prior,
D. Brooker, J. Caplinger, C. Erbe, J. Gebbie, and others. 2024. Verifying models
of the underwater soundscape from wind and ships with benchmark scenarios.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156:3,422–3,438, https://doi.org/
10.1121/10.0026597.
Miksis-Olds, J.L., M. Ainslie, T. Butkiewicz, T. Clay, E. Hazen, K. Heaney, A.P. Lyons,
B. Martin, T. Moore, T. Ridgeway, J.D. Warren. 2021. Atlantic Deepwater
Ecosystem Observatory Network (ADEON): An Integrated System for Long-
Term Monitoring of Ecological and Human Factors on the Outer Continental
Shelf Synthesis Report. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy
Management, Contract No. M16PC00003, Report No. OCS Study BOEM
2022-047, New Orleans, LA, 320 pp.
Miksis-Olds, J.L., S.B. Martin, K. Lowell, C.M. Verlinden, and K.D. Heaney. 2022.
Minimal COVID-19 quieting measured in the deep offshore waters of the
US Outer Continental Shelf. JASA Express Letters 2:090801, https://doi.org/
10.1121/10.0013999.
Risch, D., M. Castellote, C.W. Clark, G.E. Davis, P.J. Dugan, L.E.W. Hodge, A. Kumar,
K. Lucke, D.K. Mellinger, and S.L. Nieukirk. 2014. Seasonal migrations of
North Atlantic minke whales: Novel insights from large-scale passive acous
tic monitoring networks. Movement Ecology 2(24):1–17, https://doi.org/10.1186/
s40462-014-0024-3.
Robinson, S., and L. Wang. 2021. JOMOPANS - Terminology for ocean ambi
ent noise monitoring, Version 3.0, https://northsearegion.eu/jomopans/
publications-presentations-reports/wp3-reports/.
Trevorrow, M.V. 2005. The use of moored inverted echo sounders for monitor
ing meso-zooplankton and fish near the ocean surface. Canadian Journal of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62(5):1,004–1,018, https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-013.
Tyack, P.L., T. Akamatsu, O. Boebel, L. Chapuis, E. Debusschere, C. de Jong,
C. Erbe, K. Evans, J. Gedamke, T. Gridley, and others. 2023. Ocean Sound
Essential Ocean Variable Implementation Plan. International Quiet Ocean
Experiment, Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research and Partnership for
Observation of the Global Ocean, 87 pp.
Wilford, D.C., J.L. Miksis-Olds, S.B. Martin, D.R. Howard, K. Lowell, A.P. Lyons, and
M.J. Smith. 2021. Quantitative soundscape analysis to understand multidimen
sional features. Frontiers in Marine Science 8:672336, https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmars.2021.672336.
Wilford, D.C., J.L. Miksis-Olds, and S.B. Martin. 2023. Multidimensional compari
son of underwater soundscapes using the soundscape code. The Journal of
the Acoustical Society of America 154(5):3,438–3,453, https://doi.org/10.1121/
10.0022514.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We gratefully acknowledge funding provided by the US Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program under con
tract Number M16PC00003, in partnership with other NOPP funding agencies.
Funding for ship time was provided under separate contracts by ONR, Code 32.
Thanks to all of the ADEON team at JASCO who contributed to the fieldwork and
analysis over the program lifetime. Carmen Lawrence and Jack Hennessey contrib
uted to Figure 1. Colleen Wilson assisted with Figure 2 and Figure 3. This program
would not have been possible without the dedicated support of John Macri (UNH),
Terry Ridgeway (UNH), Tim Moore (FAU), Ilya Atkin (UNH), and the many students,
volunteers, ROV Jason crew, and captains/vessel crews of R/V Neil Armstrong
and R/V Endeavor.
AUTHORS
Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds (j.miksisolds@unh.edu), Center for Acoustics Research &
Education, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. Michael A. Ainslie,
JASCO Applied Sciences (Deutschland) GmbH, Germany. Hannah B. Blair,
Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca,
NY, USA. Thomas Butkiewicz, Data Visualization Research Lab, Center for
Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
Elliott L. Hazen, Ecosystem Science Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center,
NOAA, Monterey, CA, USA. Kevin D. Heaney, Applied Ocean Sciences, Fairfax
Station, VA, USA. Anthony P. Lyons, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping and
Center for Acoustics Research and Education, University of New Hampshire,
Durham, NH, USA. Bruce S. Martin, Applied Research (Canada), Dartmouth, NS,
Canada. Joseph D. Warren, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony
Brook University, Southampton, NY, USA.
ARTICLE CITATION
Miksis-Olds, J.L., M.A. Ainslie, H.B. Blair, T. Butkiewicz, E.L. Hazen, K.D. Heaney,
A.P. Lyons, B.S. Martin, and J.D. Warren. 2025. Overview of the Atlantic Deepwater
Ecosystem Observatory Network. Oceanography 38(2):40–51, https://doi.org/
10.5670/oceanog.2025.301.
COPYRIGHT & USAGE
This is an open access article made available under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and repro
duction in any medium or format as long as users cite the materials appropriately,
provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that
were made to the original content.